Mentioned in the Domesday Book, West Derby achieved significance far earlier than Liverpool itself.[2] The name West Derby comes from an Old Norse word meaning "place of the wild beasts" or "wild deer park" and refers to the deer park (now Croxteth Park) established there by King Edward the Confessor. West Derby became the main administrative area in today's Liverpool for the Norman Conquest and was the largest area within the West Derby Hundred which covered most of south west Lancashire.[3]
Contrary to popular belief, the original Earls of Derby were not conferred their title from West Derby, but from Derbyshire, Robert de Ferrers being the first Earl. Subsequent titles were created and bestowed on the Stanley Family. The Derby (horse race) is named after Edward Smith-Stanley, the 12th Earl.
Note that the term 'local Derby' actually comes from the town of Derby.
There still remains a courthouse built in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I: the first (Wapentake) court in West Derby was established around 1,000 years ago.[4] The West Derby Courthouse, built in 1586, was restored and conserved in 2005 and is the only freestanding post-medieval courthouse in Britain.[5] The tiny Grade II* listed building is open to the public between 2 pm and 4 pm every Sunday except Easter from April to October inclusive, admission free.
Opposite the courthouse is a set of Victorian cast iron stocks once used as a public restraint for offenders. Villagers used fruit and rotten vegetables to throw at the offenders. The stocks were placed in their current position to commemorate the coronation of Edward VII in 1902. Temporarily removed in 2008 whilst the site was renovated, the stocks have since been put back in place.
The area was home to the Earls of Sefton (family name Molyneux), whose house, Croxteth Hall, and the surrounding countryside estate now forms Croxteth Park, an attractive public space.
In 1835 and 1895, Liverpool boundaries expanded to include West Derby.[6]
From 1894 to 1895 West Derby was an urban district.[7] In 1921 the civil parish had a population of 168,915.[8] On 1 April 1922 the parish was abolished and merged with Liverpool.[9]
West Derby Castle
West Derby once had a Motte and Bailey castle, now completely disappeared, at Castlesite Road and Meadow Lane[10][11] In 1327 it was reported to be in ruins.[12] There is also some suggestion of a Roman site on a street called Castlesite (nicknamed "The Rosies" by some locals). The site is now a small public park, the shape and dimensions of which are similar to that of a Roman barracks or castra. The remnants of a wooden castle were unearthed on this plot during excavations in the mid 1930s.
Governance
West Derby is mostly within the Liverpool West Derby Parliamentary constituency currently represented by Ian Byrne.[13]
The part of West Derby that is in the Croxteth Country Park ward is within the Liverpool Walton Parliamentary constituency currently represented by Dan Carden.[14]
Both Everton and Liverpool football clubs located their training grounds in West Derby, Everton at Bellefield and Liverpool at Melwood. However, Everton moved to their new complex in south Liverpool called Finch Farm in 2007 and Liverpool announced the sale of the Melwood training ground in August 2019.[17]
The West Derby Society was founded in 1977 and holds regular monthly meetings and outings. It lobbies on planning and environmental issues. The West Derby Community Association, a registered charity, owns Grade II-listed 'Lowlands' in West Derby. This 1846 mansion underwent restoration and renovation with the help of a £1 million Heritage Lottery Fund grant.[18]
Education
West Derby is home to a number of schools that have produced famous pupils:
Other schools in the area include Holly Lodge Girls' College, St. Marys Primary School, St. Paul's Junior School, Blackmoor Park Junior School and Emmaus Primary School.
Pete Best, original drummer of the Beatles, who lived in Haymans Green, the home of the Casbah Club, where members of the future Beatles—John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and George Harrison, along with Ken Brown, as the Quarry Men were the original house band.[24]
Albert Menotti Haynes was born and lived in West Derby, and worked as a railway clerk before emigrating to Argentina where he founded the Editorial Haynes publishing empire; he and his wife were also involved in founding Northlands School.[citation needed]
William Lassell, who built an observatory at his house "Starfield" in West Derby, a suburb of Liverpool. There he had a 24-inch (610 mm) reflector telescope, for which he pioneered the use of an equatorial mount for easy tracking of objects as the Earth rotates.[citation needed]
Bus routes 12, 13 and 15 run through West Derby and provide links to the City Centre, Huyton, and Stockbridge Village; the 15 bus also links to the nearby Alder Hey Children's Hospital. Bus route 61 also runs through West Derby, and provides a bus service to Bootle Strand and Aigburth Vale, to the south of the city. Bus route 18 runs from the Croxteth Park estate to Liverpool City Centre.
Filmography
The former Channel 4soap operaBrookside was filmed on a housing development built on part of Lord Sefton's estate.
^Right outside the Croxteth Park estate is a City of Liverpool - West Derby sign. The properties on the estate have West Derby in their address, and every property within the ward has an L12 postcode.