A politburo (/ˈpɒlɪtbjʊəroʊ/ⓘ) or political bureau is the highest political organ of the central committee in communist parties.[citation needed] The term is also sometimes used to refer to similar organs in non-communist parties, such as the Political Bureau of Hamas.[1] Politburos are part of the governing structure in most former and existing communist states.
Names
The term politburo in English comes from the Russianpolitbyuro (политбюро), itself an abbreviation of politicheskoye byuro (политическое бюро 'political bureau'). The Spanish term Politburó is directly loaned from Russian, as is the GermanPolitbüro. Chinese uses a calque (Chinese: 政治局; pinyin: Zhèngzhìjú), from which the Vietnamese (Bộ Chính trị部政治), and Korean (정치국, 政治局Jeongchiguk) terms derive.
History
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In Marxist–Leninist states, the communist party claims to be the vanguard of the people, therefore the legitimate body to lead the state. The party selects officials to serve in its politburo, which decides party policy. As a one-party state, party policy invariably becomes national policy.
Each Party Congress elects a Central Committee which, in turn, elects the members of the politburo, secretariat, and a general secretary. This process is termed democratic centralism. In theory, the politburo is answerable to the Central Committee, however in practice all the authority lies with the politburo.
Trotskyist parties
In Trotskyist parties, the Politburo is a bureau of the Central Committee tasked with making day-to-day political decisions, which must later be ratified by the Central Committee. Its members are chosen by the Central Committee, who appoints it. The post of General Secretary carries far less weight in this model. See, for example, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party.