Talaud language

Talaud
Talaud
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Talaud Islands, North Sulawesi
Native speakers	(82,000 cited 2000 census)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Sangiric North Talaud; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Lami; Tirawata;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tld
Glottolog	tala1285
	Talaud Talaud
	Coordinates: 4°07′N 126°48′E / 4.12°N 126.80°E

Talaud is an Austronesian language spoken on the Talaud Islands north of Sulawesi, Indonesia. There are 2 dialects, namely the Lami dialect (which is spoken on Miangas, Nanusa Islands, and Esang in the northern part of Karakelong Island) and the Tirawata dialect (which is used in Lirung, Kabaruan, and the southern part of Karakelong Island).^[2]

Miangas is actually a subdialect, but more different from its main dialect, Lami.^[2]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t		(c)	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d			ɡ
	affricate				tʃ
Nasal		m	n			ŋ
Fricative		β	s	ʐ	(ʃ)	ɣ	h
Rhotic	trill		r
Rhotic	tap		ɾ
Lateral			l
Approximant		w

/tʃ/ can be heard as a palatal stop [c], depending on the dialect.
The velar fricative sound /ɣ/ may also be pronounced as voiceless [x].^[3]
/ʃ/ is only found in some dialects of Kaburuan Island. It corresponds to /ʐ/ in most other dialects.^[3]

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

References

^ Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
^ ^a ^b Utsumi 2016.

Bawole, G. (1981). Struktur Bahasa Talaud (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departmen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan – via Laboratorium Kebinekaan Bahasa dan Sastra.
Utsumi, Atsuko (2013). "Talaud Verbs: Paradigm of Basic Verbs". Tokyo University Linguistic Papers. 33: 319–361. doi:10.15083/00027520.
Utsumi, Atsuko (2016). "A Dialectal Study of Talaud: Dialectal Classification and a Comparative Word List". Bulletin of Meisei University. Department of Japanese and Comparative Culture, School of Humanities. 24: 163(37)–135(70).

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[e18-1] Talaud at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[sdm-2] Kembuan, L.D.; Sampouw, T.; Inkiriwang, J.; Terok, D.; Roring, M. (1986). Struktur Dialek Miangas (PDF) (in Indonesian) (1 ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.

[FOOTNOTEUtsumi2016-3] Utsumi 2016.

[1]

[2]

[3]

Talaud language

Phonology

Consonants

Vowels

References

Further reading

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