A woman with ballot during 2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the president (head of state ), Verkhovna Rada (legislature ), and local governments . Referendums may be held on special occasions. Ukraine has a multi-party system , often no single party has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments .
Latest election
2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Party Proportional Constituency Total +/– Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Servant of the People 6,307,793 43.16 124 4,630,880 32.87 130 254 New Opposition Platform — For Life 1,908,111 13.06 37 987,832 7.01 6 43 New Batkivshchyna 1,196,303 8.19 24 686,734 4.87 2 26 +6 European Solidarity 1,184,620 8.11 23 589,918 4.19 2 25 –106 Holos 851,722 5.83 17 401,903 2.85 3 20 New Radical Party of Oleh Liashko 586,384 4.01 0 152,191 1.08 0 0 –22 Strength and Honor 558,652 3.82 0 175,397 1.24 0 0 0 Opposition Bloc — Party for Peace and Development 443,195 3.03 0 377,191 2.68 6 6 New Ukrainian Strategy of Groysman 352,934 2.42 0 0 New Party of Shariy 327,152 2.24 0 12,054 0.09 0 0 New Svoboda 315,568 2.16 0 452,373 3.21 1 1 –6 Civil Position 153,225 1.05 0 103,044 0.73 0 0 0 Party of Greens of Ukraine 96,659 0.66 0 0 0 Self Reliance 91,596 0.63 0 135,297 0.96 1 1 –32 Agrarian Party of Ukraine 75,509 0.52 0 96,139 0.68 0 0 New Movement of New Forces 67,740 0.46 0 7,683 0.05 0 0 New Power of the People 27,984 0.19 0 49,117 0.35 0 0 0 Power of Law [uk ] 20,340 0.14 0 0 New Patriot 16,123 0.11 0 18,015 0.13 0 0 New Social Justice 15,967 0.11 0 2,615 0.02 0 0 New Independence 7,970 0.05 0 0 New Torch 7,739 0.05 0 0 New United Centre 44,485 0.32 1 1 New People's Movement of Ukraine 41,482 0.29 0 0 0 Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform 22,279 0.16 0 0 – Bila Tserkva Together 20,277 0.14 1 1 New Democratic Axis 13,613 0.10 0 0 New Civil Movement of Ukraine 12,037 0.09 0 0 0 Joint Action 7,071 0.05 0 0 0 Ukrainian Unity Party 6,355 0.05 0 0 New Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5,318 0.04 0 0 0 Right Sector 5,093 0.04 0 0 –1 Our Land 4,709 0.03 0 0 New All-Ukrainian Union "Cherkashchany" 4,283 0.03 0 0 New Social and Political Platform of Nadiya Savchenko 3,949 0.03 0 0 New Party of Free Democrats 3,599 0.03 0 0 New Ukrainian Party 3,268 0.02 0 0 New Party of Pensioners of Ukraine 3,262 0.02 0 0 0 Ukraine the Glorious 3,064 0.02 0 0 0 Native City 2,376 0.02 0 0 0 Socialist Party of Ukraine 1,990 0.01 0 0 0 Liberty 1,802 0.01 0 0 0 Community and Law 1,527 0.01 0 0 New Darth Vader Bloc 1,164 0.01 0 0 New Development 903 0.01 0 0 New Republican Christian Party 902 0.01 0 0 New Aware Nation 766 0.01 0 0 New Real Action 764 0.01 0 0 New Party of Local Self-Governance 520 0.00 0 0 New Meritocratic Party of Ukraine 517 0.00 0 0 0 Trust the Deeds 428 0.00 0 0 New Gypsy Party of Ukraine 388 0.00 0 0 New Internet Party of Ukraine 370 0.00 0 0 0 Bdzhola 222 0.00 0 0 New People's Truth 206 0.00 0 0 New Student Party of Ukraine 138 0.00 0 0 New Pirate Party of Ukraine 133 0.00 0 0 New Independents 4,992,514 35.43 46 46 –51 Vacant 26 26 – Total 14,613,286 100.00 225 14,090,157 100.00 225 450 0 Valid votes 14,613,286 99.01 Invalid/blank votes 146,262 0.99 Total votes 14,759,548 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 29,973,739 49.24 Source: CLEA , CVK
2019 Ukrainian presidential election
Candidate Party First round Second round Votes % Votes % Volodymyr Zelenskyy Servant of the People 5,714,034 30.61 13,541,528 74.96 Petro Poroshenko Independent (BPP ) 3,014,609 16.15 4,522,450 25.04 Yulia Tymoshenko Batkivshchyna 2,532,452 13.56 Yuriy Boyko Independent 2,206,216 11.82 Anatoliy Hrytsenko Civil Position 1,306,450 7.00 Ihor Smeshko Independent 1,141,332 6.11 Oleh Liashko Radical Party of Oleh Liashko 1,036,003 5.55 Oleksandr Vilkul Opposition Bloc 784,274 4.20 Ruslan Koshulynskyi Svoboda 307,244 1.65 Yuriy Tymoshenko Independent 117,693 0.63 Oleksandr Shevchenko UKROP 109,078 0.58 Valentyn Nalyvaichenko Spravedlyvist [uk ] 43,239 0.23 Olha Bohomolets Independent 33,966 0.18 Hennadiy Balashov 5.10 32,872 0.18 Roman Bezsmertnyi Independent 27,182 0.15 Viktor Bondar Revival 22,564 0.12 Yulia Lytvynenko Independent 20,014 0.11 Yuriy Derevyanko Liberty 19,542 0.10 Serhiy Taruta Osnova 18,918 0.10 Ihor Shevchenko Independent 18,667 0.10 Inna Bohoslovska Independent 18,482 0.10 Yurii Karmazin Independent 15,965 0.09 Volodymyr Petrov Independent 15,587 0.08 Vitaliy Skotsyk Independent 15,118 0.08 Serhiy Kaplin Social Democratic Party [uk ] 14,532 0.08 Oleksandr Moroz Socialist Party of Oleksandr Moroz 13,139 0.07 Viktor Kryvenko People's Movement of Ukraine 9,243 0.05 Vasyl Zhuravlyov [uk ] Stability Party 8,453 0.05 Illia Kyva Socialist Party of Ukraine 5,869 0.03 Andriy Novak [uk ] Patriot Party 5,587 0.03 Oleksandr Vashchenko [uk ] Independent 5,503 0.03 Mykola Haber [uk ] Independent 5,433 0.03 Oleksandr Solovyev [uk ] Reasonable Force 5,331 0.03 Ruslan Rygovanov [uk ] Independent 5,230 0.03 Oleksandr Danylyuk Independent 4,648 0.02 Vitalii Kuprii [uk ] Independent 4,508 0.02 Arkadiy Kornatskiy Independent 4,494 0.02 Serhiy Nosenko [uk ] Independent 3,114 0.02 Roman Nasirov Independent 2,579 0.01 Total 18,669,164 100.00 18,063,978 100.00 Valid votes 18,669,164 98.81 18,063,978 97.69 Invalid/blank votes 224,600 1.19 427,841 2.31 Total votes 18,893,764 100.00 18,491,819 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 30,047,302 62.88 30,105,004 61.42 Source: Central Election Commission (First round , second round )
Result in history
1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Party Votes % Seats Communist Party of Ukraine 3,683,332 13.57 86 People's Movement of Ukraine 1,491,164 5.49 20 Socialist Party of Ukraine 895,830 3.30 14 Peasant Party of Ukraine 794,614 2.93 19 Ukrainian Republican Party 728,614 2.68 8 Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 361,352 1.33 5 Democratic Party of Ukraine 312,842 1.15 2 Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine 239,763 0.88 4 Liberal Party of Ukraine 173,503 0.64 0 Ukrainian National Assembly 148,239 0.55 1 Party of Labor 114,409 0.42 4 Social Democratic Party of Ukraine 104,204 0.38 2 Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine 100,007 0.37 1 Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party 99,028 0.36 2 Toiling Congress of Ukraine 83,702 0.31 0 Civil Congress of Ukraine 72,473 0.27 2 Party of Greens of Ukraine 71,946 0.27 0 Social-National Party of Ukraine 49,483 0.18 0 Ukrainian Party of Justice 40,414 0.15 0 State Independence of Ukraine 24,722 0.09 0 Party of Economic Revival 20,829 0.08 0 Party of Slavic Unity of Ukraine 18,807 0.07 0 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 16,766 0.06 0 Ukrainian Party of Solidarity and Social Justice 12,847 0.05 0 Constitutional Democratic Party of Ukraine 12,711 0.05 0 Ukrainian Peasant Democratic Party 11,827 0.04 0 Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine 8,576 0.03 0 Ukrainian National Conservative Party [uk ] 6,668 0.02 0 Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party 5,917 0.02 0 Ukrainian Beer Lovers Party 1,806 0.01 0 Party of Free Peasants of Ukraine 1,169 0.00 0 Party of National Salvation of Ukraine 515 0.00 0 Other parties 28,166 0.10 0 Independents 14,894,269 54.87 168 Vacant 112 Against all 2,512,118 9.26 – Total 27,142,632 100.00 450 Valid votes 27,142,632 93.71 Invalid/blank votes 1,821,350 6.29 Total votes 28,963,982 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 38,204,100 75.81 Source: Nohlen & Stöver
1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Party Proportional Constituency Total +/– Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Communist Party of Ukraine 6,550,353 25.44 84 3,495,711 13.62 37 121 +35 People's Movement of Ukraine 2,498,262 9.70 32 1,500,648 5.85 14 46 +26 Socialist Party – Peasant Party 2,273,788 8.83 29 1,067,267 4.16 5 34 +1 Party of Greens of Ukraine 1,444,264 5.61 19 196,044 0.76 0 19 +19 People's Democratic Party 1,331,460 5.17 17 985,770 3.84 11 28 +24 Hromada 1,242,235 4.82 16 880,073 3.43 8 24 New Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine 1,075,118 4.18 14 231,043 0.90 2 16 New Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) 1,066,113 4.14 14 450,522 1.76 3 17 New Agrarian Party of Ukraine 978,330 3.80 0 784,287 3.06 9 9 New Reforms and Order Party 832,574 3.23 0 455,166 1.77 3 3 New Laborious Ukraine (GKU –UPS )813,326 3.16 0 123,869 0.48 1 1 –1 National Front (KUN –UKRP –URP ) 721,966 2.80 0 642,125 2.50 5 5 –10 Together (LPU –PP ) 502,969 1.95 0 309,371 1.21 1 1 –3 Forward Ukraine! (KDS –UKDP ) 461,924 1.79 0 129,378 0.50 2 2 +2 Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine 344,826 1.34 0 190,783 0.74 2 2 +1 Bloc of Democratic Parties – NEP (DPU –PEV ) 326,489 1.27 0 275,460 1.07 1 1 –1 Party of National Economic Development of Ukraine 250,476 0.97 0 28,418 0.11 0 0 New SLON – Social Liberal Association (Viche –MBR ) 241,367 0.94 0 112,968 0.44 1 1 0 Party of Regional Revival of Ukraine 241,262 0.94 0 204,631 0.80 2 2 New All-Ukrainian Party of Workers 210,622 0.82 0 57,463 0.22 0 0 New Soyuz 186,249 0.72 0 38,467 0.15 1 1 New All-Ukrainian Party of Women's Initiatives 154,650 0.60 0 18,208 0.07 0 0 New Republican Christian Party 143,496 0.56 0 70,064 0.27 0 0 New Ukrainian National Assembly 105,977 0.41 0 88,136 0.34 0 0 –1 Social Democratic Party of Ukraine 85,045 0.33 0 36,670 0.14 0 0 –2 Motherland Defenders Party 81,808 0.32 0 26,286 0.10 0 0 New Party of Spiritual, Economic and Social Progress 53,147 0.21 0 28,418 0.11 0 0 New Party of Muslims of Ukraine 52,613 0.20 0 1,342 0.01 0 0 New Fewer Words (SNPU –DSU ) 45,155 0.18 0 65,760 0.26 1 1 0 European Choice of Ukraine (LDPU –USDP ) 37,118 0.14 0 59,474 0.23 0 0 0 Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine 17,656 0.07 0 0 New Women's Party of Ukraine 15,867 0.06 0 0 New Party of Slavic Unity of Ukraine 12,470 0.05 0 0 0 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists 1,944 0.01 0 0 0 Party of National Salvation of Ukraine 1,544 0.01 0 0 0 Independents 11,148,333 43.43 111 111 –57 Vacant 5 5 – Against all 1,396,592 5.42 – 1,915,531 7.46 – – – Total 25,749,574 100.00 225 25,667,167 100.00 225 450 0 Valid votes 25,749,574 96.91 25,667,167 96.60 Invalid/blank votes 821,699 3.09 904,106 3.40 Total votes 26,571,273 100.00 26,571,273 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 37,540,092 70.78 37,540,092 70.78 Source: Nohlen & Stöver, University of Essex
2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Party Proportional Constituency Total +/– Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Party of Regions 6,116,746 30.00 72 5,641,714 28.16 113 185 +10 Batkivshchyna 5,209,090 25.55 62 3,427,956 17.11 39 101 –55 Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform 2,847,979 13.97 34 1,790,151 8.93 6 40 New Communist Party of Ukraine 2,687,269 13.18 32 1,554,476 7.76 0 32 +5 Svoboda 2,129,933 10.45 25 848,854 4.24 12 37 +37 Ukraine – Forward! 322,198 1.58 0 187,006 0.93 0 0 New Our Ukraine 226,492 1.11 0 51,654 0.26 0 0 –72 Radical Party of Oleh Liashko 221,144 1.08 0 105,236 0.53 1 1 New Party of Pensioners of Ukraine 114,206 0.56 0 4,640 0.02 0 0 0 Socialist Party of Ukraine 93,071 0.46 0 121,752 0.61 0 0 0 Party of Greens of Ukraine 70,261 0.34 0 33,131 0.17 0 0 0 Ukrainian Party "Green Planet" 70,106 0.34 0 15,923 0.08 0 0 0 Russian Bloc 63,532 0.31 0 42,074 0.21 0 0 0 Greens 51,369 0.25 0 0 New Ukraine of the Future 37,909 0.19 0 27,053 0.14 0 0 New Native Fatherland 32,701 0.16 0 3,743 0.02 0 0 New People's Labor Union of Ukraine 22,854 0.11 0 6,955 0.03 0 0 New New Politics 21,030 0.10 0 15,168 0.08 0 0 0 Hromada 17,667 0.09 0 4,841 0.02 0 0 0 Ukrainian National Assembly 16,913 0.08 0 3,199 0.02 0 0 0 Liberal Party of Ukraine 15,549 0.08 0 3,255 0.02 0 0 0 People's Party 354,924 1.77 2 2 –18 United Centre 155,492 0.78 3 3 New Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 74,712 0.37 0 0 – Ukrainian Platform "Sobor" 48,813 0.24 0 0 – Soyuz 36,077 0.18 1 1 +1 Party of Hungarians of Ukraine 22,922 0.11 0 0 New United Left and Peasants 21,542 0.11 0 0 New Agrarian Party of Ukraine 16,225 0.08 0 0 New People's Initiative 14,968 0.07 0 0 New Russian Unity 13,806 0.07 0 0 New European Party of Ukraine 13,533 0.07 0 0 – Greater Ukraine 9,473 0.05 0 0 New Patriotic Party of Ukraine 9,210 0.05 0 0 New Ukrainian Party 9,088 0.05 0 0 New Social-Environmental Party "Union. Chornobyl. Ukraine" 8,326 0.04 0 0 New People's Party of Depositors and Social Security 7,684 0.04 0 0 New Truth 6,391 0.03 0 0 New People's Democratic Party 6,324 0.03 0 0 0 Ukrainian National Conservative Party 6,036 0.03 0 0 New Viche 5,942 0.03 0 0 – One Rus 5,860 0.03 0 0 New Ukrainian Marine Party 5,535 0.03 0 0 New State 5,422 0.03 0 0 New Youth Party of Ukraine 5,297 0.03 0 0 New Solidarity of Women of Ukraine 5,143 0.03 0 0 New Fair Ukraine 4,808 0.02 0 0 New People's Movement of Ukraine 3,081 0.02 0 0 –6 Slavic Party 2,197 0.01 0 0 New Spiritual Ukraine 1,903 0.01 0 0 New Union of Anarchists of Ukraine 1,696 0.01 0 0 New Social-Patriotic Assembly of Slavs 1,620 0.01 0 0 New Meritocratic Party of Ukraine 1,599 0.01 0 0 New Young Ukraine 1,583 0.01 0 0 New Civil Solidarity Party 1,579 0.01 0 0 New Christian Democratic Party of Ukraine 1,210 0.01 0 0 New Sam za sebe 1,198 0.01 0 0 New Revival 1,109 0.01 0 0 New People's Ecological Party 904 0.00 0 0 New Christian Movement 597 0.00 0 0 New Youth to Power 564 0.00 0 0 New Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine 529 0.00 0 0 New Political Party of Small and Medium-sized Businesses of Ukraine 504 0.00 0 0 0 Law and Order 497 0.00 0 0 New European Platform 455 0.00 0 0 New Internet Party of Ukraine 416 0.00 0 0 New Bloc Party 397 0.00 0 0 New All-Ukrainian Union "Center" 366 0.00 0 0 0 For Human Rights 352 0.00 0 0 New Civil Position 352 0.00 0 0 New Democratic Party of Ukrainian Hunters 340 0.00 0 0 New Social Democratic Party of Ukraine (united) 340 0.00 0 0 New Right Will of Ukraine 243 0.00 0 0 New Cossack Ukrainian Party 235 0.00 0 0 New All-Ukrainian Political Party "Fraternity" 188 0.00 0 0 New Party of Free Democrats 186 0.00 0 0 0 People's Order Party 124 0.00 0 0 New Independents 5,248,373 26.19 43 43 New Vacant 5 5 – Total 20,388,019 100.00 225 20,037,071 100.00 225 450 0 Valid votes 20,388,019 98.03 Invalid/blank votes 409,068 1.97 Total votes 20,797,087 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 36,213,010 57.43 Source: CLEA
2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election
Party Proportional Constituency Total +/– Votes % Seats Votes % Seats People's Front 3,488,114 22.14 64 1,461,870 9.64 18 82 New Petro Poroshenko Bloc 3,437,521 21.82 63 2,896,640 19.11 68 131 New Self Reliance 1,729,271 10.98 32 161,175 1.06 1 33 New Opposition Bloc 1,486,203 9.43 27 223,649 1.48 2 29 New Radical Party of Oleh Liashko 1,173,131 7.45 22 601,022 3.96 0 22 +21 Batkivshchyna 894,837 5.68 17 960,285 6.33 3 20 –81 Svoboda 742,022 4.71 0 358,061 2.36 6 6 –31 Communist Party of Ukraine 611,923 3.88 0 226,176 1.49 0 0 –32 Strong Ukraine 491,471 3.12 0 259,676 1.71 1 1 New Civil Position 489,523 3.11 0 51,731 0.34 0 0 0 Spade 418,301 2.66 0 134,418 0.89 1 1 New Right Sector 284,943 1.81 0 156,763 1.03 1 1 +1 Solidarity of Women of Ukraine 105,094 0.67 0 8,649 0.06 0 0 0 5.10 67,124 0.43 0 4,324 0.03 0 0 New Internet Party of Ukraine 58,197 0.37 0 8,709 0.06 0 0 0 Party of Greens of Ukraine 39,636 0.25 0 4,612 0.03 0 0 0 Green Planet 37,726 0.24 0 19,238 0.13 0 0 0 Revival 31,201 0.20 0 0 0 United Country 28,145 0.18 0 0 New Ukraine – United Country [uk ] 19,838 0.13 0 0 New New Politics 19,222 0.12 0 7,481 0.05 0 0 0 Power of the People 17,817 0.11 0 44,161 0.29 0 0 New Ukraine of the Future 14,168 0.09 0 0 New Strength and Honor 13,549 0.09 0 0 New Civil Movement of Ukraine [uk ] 13,000 0.08 0 0 New Bloc of Left Forces of Ukraine [uk ] 12,499 0.08 0 37,800 0.25 0 0 New National Democratic Party of Ukraine [uk ] 11,826 0.08 0 7,243 0.05 0 0 New Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 8,976 0.06 0 31,889 0.21 0 0 0 Liberal Party of Ukraine 8,523 0.05 0 36,421 0.24 0 0 0 Ukrainian Platform "Sobor" 38,257 0.25 0 0 0 Democratic Alliance 31,796 0.21 0 0 New Ukrainian Republican Party 24,845 0.16 0 0 New Public Power 21,723 0.14 0 0 New Joint Action 19,343 0.13 0 0 New Justice 14,284 0.09 0 0 New People's Party 13,197 0.09 0 0 –2 People's Movement of Ukraine 7,488 0.05 0 0 0 Meritocratic Party of Ukraine 3,032 0.02 0 0 0 Patriotic Party of Ukraine 2,268 0.01 0 0 0 Social Christian Party 450 0.00 0 0 0 Independents 7,282,814 48.03 97 97 +54 Vacant 27 27 – Total 15,753,801 100.00 225 15,161,490 100.00 225 450 0 Valid votes 15,753,801 98.14 Invalid/blank votes 298,402 1.86 Total votes 16,052,203 100.00 Registered voters/turnout 30,921,218 51.91 Source: CLEA
Legislation
Elections in Ukraine are held to choose the President (head of state ) and Verkhovna Rada (legislature ). The Ukrainian constitution does not allow holding Verkhovna Rada elections while martial law is in effect.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] set to be in 2023 ,[ 5] open lists (with again an electoral threshold of five percent) and a return, and thus abolition of the constituencies with first-past-the-post voting , to only one national constituency.[ 6]
From 2012 until the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election the Verkhovna Rada was elected using a mixed election system . Half of the representatives were elected from national closed party lists distributed between the parties using the Hare quota with a 5% threshold. The remaining half were elected from constituencies using first-past-the-post voting . This system was adopted for the 2012 elections [ 2] [ 7] 2014 election , as a new draft law moving to electing all members using open party lists failed to gather necessary support in the Rada.[ 8] next election to the Verkhovna Rada (to be held) in 2023 [ 5] will again be without single-member constituencies and instead deputies can only be elected on a party list in one nationwide constituency with a 5% election threshold with open regional lists of candidates for deputies.[ 6]
A snap poll must have a voter turnout higher than 50%.[ 9]
Ukraine's election law forbids outside financing of political parties or campaigns.[ 10]
Presidential candidates must have had residence in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to election day.[ 11]
Since late February 2016 a party congress is allowed to remove any candidate from its party list before the Central Election Commission recognizes him or her elected. Meaning that parties after elections can prevent their candidates to take a seat in parliament that they were entitled to due to their place on the party list.[ 12] [ 13]
In Ukraine political campaigning outside election campaign periods is prohibited.[ 14] [ 14]
Local elections
Under the Constitution of Ukraine , the term of office of the heads of villages and towns and the council members of these villages and towns is five years.[ 15]
Past legislation
The parliamentary election law has been changed four times from 1991 to 2015.[ 2] [ 16] constituencies (from each electoral district). In 1998 and in 2002 half of the members were elected by proportional representation (faction vote) and the other half by single-seat constituencies. In the 2006 and 2007 parliamentary election , all 450 members of the Verkhovna Rada were elected by party-list proportional representation with closed lists [ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 20]
In the 2010 Ukrainian local elections four years was set for the office of the heads of villages and towns and the council members of these villages and towns.[ 15] [ 21]
Voting patterns
Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the Communist Party of Ukraine politically dominated most of Ukraine. By mid 1990s the communists completely lost popularity in western Ukraine, which voted for any representative but communist. Since Leonid Kuchma left presidential post, in 2004 support for the Communist Party shifted towards the Party of Regions being politically dominating mostly over the southeastern Ukraine. At the same time initially led by the People's Movement of Ukraine , political leadership in the non-communist camp was taken over by Our Ukraine bloc and Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko .
In the elections since 2002 voters of Western and Central Ukrainian oblasts voted mostly for parties (Our Ukraine , Batkivshchyna , UDAR , Self Reliance , Radical Party , Petro Poroshenko Bloc and the People's Front ) and presidential candidates (Viktor Yushchenko , Yulia Tymoshenko ) with a pro-Western and state reform platform , while voters in Southern and Eastern oblasts of Ukraine voted for parties (CPU , Party of Regions and Opposition Bloc ) and presidential candidates (Viktor Yanukovych ) with a pro-Russian and status quo platform.[ 22] [ 23] [ 24] [ 25] [ 26] [ 27] [ 28] [ 22] [ 29] 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election the electorate of CPU and Party of Regions was very loyal to them.[ 26] Donbas could vote) and the CPU came 1.12% short of the 5% election threshold.[ 30] [ 31]
A 2010 study by the Institute of Social and Political Psychology of Ukraine found that in general, Yulia Tymoshenko supporters are more optimistic compared with Viktor Yanukovych supporters. 46 percent of the Tymoshenko's backers expect improvement in their well-being in the next year compared to 30 percent for Yanukovych.[ 32]
Parliamentary elections
by party list
by constituency
Presidential elections
Voter turnout
From 1994 to 2007 the average voter turnout for the Verkhovna Rada elections was 68.13%[ 33] [ 34] 2012 parliamentary elections was then the lowest ever with 57.99%;[ 35] Crimea (with 49.46%), the highest in Lviv Oblast (67.13%).[ 35] 2014 parliamentary elections the official voter turnout was set (by the Central Election Commission of Ukraine ) at 52.42%.[ 36] [ 22] War in Donbas and the unilateral annexation of Crimea by Russia , the 2014 parliamentary elections were not held in Crimea and also not held in parts of Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast .[ 37] [ 38] [ 39] Tadeusz Olszański , of the Centre for Eastern Studies , the low turnout in Donetsk Oblast (and also Luhansk Oblast) is explained by the end of an artificial increase of voter turnout there by Party of Regions officials.[ 22]
Voter turnout in the presidential elections is always higher than for Verkhovna Rada elections with an average voter turnout of 72% from 2004 till 2010 (67.95% in the 2010 Presidential election ).[ 33] [ 40] 2014 Presidential election the Central Election Commission of Ukraine set the turnout at over 60%; just as in the 2014 parliamentary elections, these elections were not held in Crimea and also not held in parts of Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast.[ 41] [ 42] Leonid Kravchuk (1991 - 19.6, 1994 - 10.0), Viktor Yushchenko (2004 - 11.1), and Viktor Yanukovych (2004 - 11.0). The 10 million voters mark was almost reached by Leonid Kuchma in 1999, but he only gained the trust of 9.6 million. To this day Kravchuk and Petro Poroshenko are the only presidential candidates who won the elections after the first round obtaining over 50% of votes, respective in 1991 and 2014. The person most frequently participating in presidential elections is Oleksandr Moroz who stood in every presidential election since 1994 when he gained the biggest support of some 3.5 million, while in 2010 less than 0.1 million voted for him. Viktor Yanukovych became the strongest runner-up in the history of presidential elections, while Leonid Kuchma - the only runner-up of the first round to pull a win in the second one. Thus far the top two presidential candidates always would get support of over 5 million voters each.
Since the 1994 Ukrainian parliamentary election voter turnouts have been declining. 1994 75.81%, 1998 70.78%, 2002 69.27%, 2006 67.55%, 2007 62.03%, 2012 57.43%, 2014 51.91% and the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election at 49.84%.
Perceived flaws in legislation
Despite a clear system for declaring donations to campaign funds, officials and experts say that Ukraine's election law is consistently flouted, with spending from candidates’ official funds representing only a fraction of the amount truly spent while it is rarely clear where the funding comes from.[ 43]
Early May 2009, the "Committee of Voters of Ukraine" stated they believe that the use of the state's administrative resources by political forces for their own national and local election campaigns is no longer a decisive factor in the outcome of Ukrainian elections.[ 44] OPORA , one in five Ukrainians were willing to sell his or her vote in the then upcoming 2010 Ukrainian local elections .[ 45] Ukrainian Prime Minister Mykola Azarov these elections "were absolutely without the use of administrative resources , naturally. Nobody interfered with our citizens."[ 46]
See also
References
^ "Constitution of Ukraine" (PDF) . February 7, 2019. Article 83, Paragraph 4. Retrieved 27 August 2023 .^ a b c "Parliament passes law on parliamentary elections" . Kyiv Post . Interfax-Ukraine . 17 November 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2015 .^ Q&A: Ukrainian parliamentary election , BBC News (23 October 2012)^ (in Ukrainian) Law of Ukraine "On Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine " dated 17 November 2011 , Verkhovna Rada ^ a b (in Ukrainian) Early to rejoice? Regular parliamentary elections may take place under Yanukovych's law , Civil movement "Chesno" (11 July 2019)^ a b Electoral Code becomes effective in Ukraine , Interfax-Ukraine (1 January 2010)^ "Ukraine: The Law on Election of the People's Deputies (Unofficial translation by IFES), 2011" (PDF) . 17 November 2011. Retrieved 9 August 2015 .^ "Rada fails to put on today's agenda three bills on elections of MPs" . Interfax-Ukraine . 14 August 2014. Retrieved 8 August 2015 .^ "Voters Committee Predicting 60% Snap Election Turnout" . Ukrainian News Agency . 16 October 2008. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2008 .^ Hacked PR documents accelerate political war , Kyiv Post (11 January 2013)^ Vitali Klitschko says intends to run for president in Ukraine , Interfax-Ukraine (24 October 2013)Parliament passes law that could prevent Klitschko from running for president , Interfax-Ukraine (24 October 2013)^ Poroshenko signs notorious 'party dictatorship' law , Ukraine Today (25 February 2016)(in Ukrainian) Lyashko advantage of the law on "party dictatorship" , Ukrayinska Pravda (3 March 2016)^ (in Ukrainian) CEC excluded from party list Lyashko 10 candidates for people's deputies , Ukrayinska Pravda (18 December 2016)^ a b Campaign false start: who is already advertised in the Dnipro , Civil movement "Chesno" (26 August 2020) (in Ukrainian) ^ a b CEC member: Kyiv City Council to be elected for five years in upcoming election , Interfax-Ukraine (16 February 2013)^ Experts: Proposed election law casts cloud over next year’s parliamentary contest , Kyiv Post (October 3, 2011)^ Understanding Ukrainian Politics: Power, Politics, And Institutional Design by Paul D'Anieri , M.E. Sharpe , 2006, ISBN 0-7656-1811-7 ^ Black Sea Fleet vote: Know thy turncoats , Kyiv Post (May 6, 2010)^ Ukraine needs constitutional change now , Kyiv Post (May 7, 2009)^ Parliament rejects bill on local elections under open lists , Kyiv Post (July 1, 2010)^ European Parliament EU-Ukraine PCC Members' delegation to Ukraine observing local and regional elections of 31 October 2010 , European Parliament (10 November 2010)^ a b c d Olszański, Tadeusz A. (29 October 2014), A strong vote for reform: Ukraine after the parliamentary elections ^ Центральна виборча комісія України - WWW відображення ІАС "Вибори народних депутатів України 2012" Archived 2012-10-16 at the Wayback Machine "CEC substitutes Tymoshenko, Lutsenko in voting papers" . 30 August 2012. Archived from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 6 November 2015 .^ Communist and Post-Communist Parties in Europe by Uwe Backes and Patrick Moreau , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht , 2008, ISBN 978-3-525-36912-8 ^ Ukraine right-wing politics: is the genie out of the bottle? , openDemocracy.net (January 3, 2011)^ a b Eight Reasons Why Ukraine’s Party of Regions Will Win the 2012 Elections by Taras Kuzio , The Jamestown Foundation (17 October 2012)UKRAINE: Yushchenko needs Tymoshenko as ally again Archived 2013-05-15 at the Wayback Machine by Taras Kuzio , Oxford Analytica (5 October 2007)^ After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions Archived 2013-03-17 at the Wayback Machine , Centre for Eastern Studies (7 November 2012)^ Election winner lacks strong voter mandate , Kyiv Post (February 11, 2010)Ukraine's Party of Regions: A pyrrhic victory , EurActiv.com (16 November 2012)Ukraine vote ushers in new constellation of power , Deutsche Welle (30 October 2012)^ Olszański, Tadeusz A. (28 May 2014), Poroshenko, President of Ukraine ^ General official results of Rada election , Interfax-Ukraine (11 November 2014)Central Election Commission announces official results of Rada election on party tickets , Interfax-Ukraine (11 November 2014)^ Ukraine's Party of Regions Refuses to Participate in Rada Elections , RIA Novosti (23 September 2014)^ Disappointment, pessimism high among nation’s voters , Kyiv Post (January 15, 2010)^ a b "Country View Ukraine" . International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance . Archived from the original on 2009-02-13. Retrieved 2008-10-16 .^ Central Election Commission of Ukraine ^ a b CEC:Turnout in Ukraine's parliamentary elections 57.99% , Kyiv Post (29 October 2012)^ Voter turnout at Rada election 52.42% at all 198 constituencies - CEC , Interfax-Ukraine (27 October 2014)^ "Ukraine crisis: President calls snap vote amid fighting" . BBC News Archived from the original on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 30 August 2014 .^ "Ukraine elections: Runners and risks" . BBC News the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 29 May 2014 .^ Voter turnout at Rada election 52.42% at all 198 constituencies Archived 2014-12-03 at the Wayback Machine , National Radio Company of Ukraine (27 October 2014)^ "Swiss President, Luxembourg PM join others in congratulating Yushchenko" . Kyiv Post . 31 December 2004.^ "CEC chair: Ukrainian presidential election turnout tops 60 percent" . Kyivpost.com. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2014 .^ Poroshenko Declares Victory in Ukraine Presidential Election , The Wall Street Journal (25 May 2014)^ More than $1 billion will be spent on campaign, but no one knows for sure , Kyiv Post (January 14, 2010)^ Committee Of Voters: Use Of State’s Administrative Resources No Longer Decisive Factor In Outcome Of Elections Archived 2009-07-21 at the Wayback Machine , Ukrainian News Agency (May 8, 2009)^ Survey Shows Every Fifth Ukrainian Ready To Sell Vote , Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (October 22, 2010)^ Yanukovych's Party Looks To Victory Amid Claims Of Election Fraud , Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (November 01, 2010)
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