Varian Fry

Varian Fry
Varian Fry
Lahir	Varian Mackey Fry; 15 Oktober 1907; New York City, New York, AS
Meninggal	13 September 1967 (umur 59); Redding, Connecticut, AS
Makam	Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York; 40°39′23.35″N 73°59′41.67″W / 40.6564861°N 73.9949083°W
Almamater	Universitas Harvard
Pekerjaan	Wartawan
Dikenal atas	Emergency Rescue Committee
	Penghargaan (2008) Q130546991 ; (21 Juli 1994) Ḥasidei ummot ha'olam; Medali Perlawanan; Knight of the Legion of Honour (en) ;

Varian Mackey Fry (15 Oktober 1907 – 13 September 1967) adalah seorang wartawan asal Amerika Serikat. Fry menjalankan sebuah jaringan penyelamatan di Prancis Vichy dari Agustus 1940 sampai September 1941 yang membantu 2.000 pengungsi anti-Nazi dan Yahudi, kebanyakan artis dan intelektual, yang kabur dari penindasan oleh Jerman Nazi pada Perang Dunia II.^[2]

Referensi

^ "Burial search on Varian Fry." Diarsipkan February 14, 2014, di Wayback Machine. Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. Retrieved: February 9, 2014.
^ Wilson, Matthew (3 April 2023). "The man behind a covert WW2 operation". BBC Culture. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal April 8, 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2023.

Daftar pustaka

Gold, Mary Jayne. Crossroads Marseilles, 1940. New York: Doubleday, 1980. ISBN 978-0-385-15618-9.
Grunwald-Spier, Agnes. The Other Schindlers: Why Some People Chose to Save Jews in the Holocaust. Stroud, Gloucestershire, UK: The History Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-7524-5706-2.
Isenberg, Sheila. A Hero of Our Own: The Story of Varian Fry. Bloomington, Indiana: iUniverse, 2005. ISBN 978-0-595-34882-4.
McCabe, Cynthia Jaffee. "Wanted by the Gestapo: Saved by America – Varian Fry and the Emergency Rescue Committee", pp. 79–91 in Jackman, Jarrell C. and Carla M. Borden, eds. The Musses Flee Hitler: Cultural Transfer and Adaptation 1930-1945. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1983.
Marino, Andy. A Quiet American: The Secret War of Varian Fry. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999. ISBN 978-0-3122-0356-6.
Mattern, Joanne. Life Stories of 100 American Heroes. Vancouver: KidsBooks, 2001. ISBN 978-1-56156-978-6.
Mauthner, Martin. German Writers in French Exile, 1933-1940. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2007, ISBN 978-0-85303-540-4.
McClafferty, Carla Killough. In Defiance of Hitler: The Secret Mission of Varian Fry. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (BYR), 2008. ISBN 978-0-374-38204-9.
Moulin, Pierre. Dachau, Holocaust, and US Samurais: Nisei Soldiers First in Dachau?. Bloomington, Indiana: AuthorHouse, 2007. ISBN 978-1-4259-3801-7.
Paldiel, Mordecai. Saving the Jews: Men and Women who Defied the Final Solution. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publications, 2011. ISBN 978-1-58979-734-5.
Richards, Tad. The Virgil Directive. New York: Fawcett, 1982. ISBN 978-0-4450-4689-4.
Riding, Alan. And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-occupied Paris. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010. ISBN 978-0-307-59454-9.
Roth, John K. and Elisabeth Maxwell. Remembering for the Future: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide. London: Palgrave, 2001. ISBN 978-0-333-80486-5.
Schwertfeger, Ruth. In Transit: Narratives of German Jews in Exile, Flight, and Internment During 'The Dark Years' of France. Berlin, Germany: Frank & Timme GmbH, 2012. ISBN 978-3-86596-384-0.
Sogos, Giorgia. "Varian Fry: "Der Engel von Marseille". Von der Legalität in die Illegalität und zur Rehabilitierung", in Gabriele Anderl, Simon Usaty (Hrsg.). "Schleppen, schleusen, helfen. Flucht zwischen Rettung und Ausbeutung". Wien: Mandelbaum,2016, S. 209–220, ISBN 978-3-85476-482-3.
Strempel, Rüdiger, Letzter Halt Marseille - Varian Fry und das Emergency Rescue Committee, in Clasen, Winrich C.-W./Schneemelcher, W. Peter, eds, Mittelmeerpassagen, Rheinbach 2018, ISBN 978-3-87062-307-4
Strempel, Rüdiger, Varian Fry: Der Amerikaner, der Europas Künstler rettete / The American Who Rescued Europe's Artists (German-English) CMZ Verlag, Rheinbach 2023 ISBN 978-3-87062-364-7
Subak, Susan Elisabeth (2010). Rescue and Flight: American Relief Workers Who Defied the Nazis. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-2525-1.
Sullivan, Rosemary. Villa Air-Bel. New York: HarperCollins, 2006. ISBN 978-0-0607-3251-6.
Watson, Peter. The German Genius: Europe's Third Renaissance, the Second Scientific Revolution and the Twentieth Century. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010. ISBN 978-0-85720-324-3.

Pranala luar

Artikel bertopik biografi Amerika Serikat ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[Greenwood-1] "Burial search on Varian Fry." Diarsipkan February 14, 2014, di Wayback Machine. Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. Retrieved: February 9, 2014.

[bbc-2] Wilson, Matthew (3 April 2023). "The man behind a covert WW2 operation". BBC Culture. Diarsipkan dari versi aslinya tanggal April 8, 2023. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2023.

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