Programu hasidi

Programu hasidi ni programu ya kompyuta iliyoundwa kwa madhara, kama kuiba taarifa, kudhoofisha mifumo au kusababisha upotevu wa data. Kwa muktadha wa kisasa, istilahi hii inahusisha familia mbalimbali za vitisho vinavyobadilika haraka kulingana na maendeleo ya teknolojia.^[1]

• Virusi: Programu zinazojiambatanisha na faili na kuenea kupitia usambazaji wa faili.^[2]
• Viwangiri (Worms): Huenea kupitia mitandao bila msaada wa faili za mwenyeji.
• Trojan: Huonekana kama programu halali lakini huficha madhara.
• Ransomware: Hufunga data ya mtumiaji na kudai fidia.^[3]

Programu hasidi zimekuwa changamoto kubwa kwa usalama wa kidijitali, zikisababisha hasara ya kifedha, kuathiri miundombinu muhimu na kuibua hofu ya kijamii.^[4]

Mikakati ya kisasa inajumuisha matumizi ya antivirus, usasaisho wa mara kwa mara, na ufahamu wa watumiaji kuhusu mbinu za ulaghai. Mashirika ya kimataifa pia yanaweka miongozo ya usalama ili kudhibiti kuenea kwa programu hasidi.^[5]

1. ↑ Anderson, R. Security Engineering: A Guide to Building Dependable Distributed Systems. Wiley, 2020
2. ↑ Skoudis, E. Malware: Fighting Malicious Code. Prentice Hall, 2003
3. ↑ Singer, P. W. & Friedman, A. Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press, 2014
4. ↑ Nakashima, E. Cybersecurity and National Security: Threats and Responses. Brookings Press, 2018
5. ↑ Clarke, R. & Knake, R. Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security. HarperCollins, 2010