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Volterra operator

In mathematics, in the area of functional analysis and operator theory, the Volterra operator, named after Vito Volterra, is a bounded linear operator on the space L2[0,1] of complex-valued square-integrable functions on the interval [0,1]. On the subspace C[0,1] of continuous functions it represents indefinite integration. It is the operator corresponding to the Volterra integral equations.

Definition

The Volterra operator, V, may be defined for a function f ∈ L2[0,1] and a value t ∈ [0,1], as[1]

Properties

  • V is a bounded linear operator between Hilbert spaces, with kernel form proven by exchanging the integral sign.
  • V is a Hilbert–Schmidt operator with norm , hence in particular is compact.
  • Its Hermitian adjoint has kernel form
  • The positive-definite integral operator has kernel formproven by exchanging the integral sign. Similarly, has kernel . They are unitarily equivalent via , so both have the same spectrum.
  • The eigenfunctions of satisfy with solution with .
  • The singular values of V are with .
  • The operator norm of V is .
  • V is not trace class.
  • V has no eigenvalues and therefore, by the spectral theory of compact operators, its spectrum σ(V) = {0}.[2][3]
  • V is a quasinilpotent operator (that is, the spectral radius, ρ(V), is zero), but it is not nilpotent operator.

See also

References

  1. ^ Rynne, Bryan P.; Youngson, Martin A. (2008). "Integral and Differential Equations 8.2. Volterra Integral Equations". Linear Functional Analysis. Springer. p. 245.
  2. ^ "Spectrum of Indefinite Integral Operators". Stack Exchange. May 30, 2012.
  3. ^ "Volterra Operator is compact but has no eigenvalue". Stack Exchange.

Further reading

  • Gohberg, Israel; Krein, M. G. (1970). Theory and Applications of Volterra Operators in Hilbert Space. Providence: American Mathematical Society. ISBN 0-8218-3627-7.
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