Sri Uttaradi Math (also written as Uttaradi Matha or Uttaradi Mutt) (IAST:Śrī Uttarādi Maṭha) (also known as Uttaradi Pitha), is one of the main monasteries (matha) founded by Madhvacharya with Padmanabha Tirtha as its head to preserve and propagate Dvaita Vedanta (Tattvavada) outside Tulunadu region.[1][2][3] Uttaradi Math is one of the three primary Dvaita monasteries or Mathatraya that descended from Madhvacharya in the lineage of Padmanabha Tirtha through Jayatirtha.[4][5][6] After Jayatirtha and Vidyadhiraja Tirtha, Uttaradi Matha continued in the lineage of Kavindra Tirtha (a disciple of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha) and later in the lineage of Vidyanidhi Tirtha (a disciple of Ramachandra Tirtha).[7][8] The Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities worshipped in the Uttaradi Matha have a long history and are revered among adherents.
The Uttaradi Matha is one of the major Hindu monastic institutions that has historically coordinated monastic activities through satellite institutions in India, preserved Sanskrit literature and pursued Dvaita studies. The Uttaradi Matha has been a library and a source of historic Sanskrit manuscripts.[16] Along with other Hindu monasteries, this matha has been active in preserving the Vedas, sponsoring students and recitals, Sanskrit scholarship, and celebrating the annual Madhva Jayanti. The current pithadhipati or the acharya holding the pontifical seat is Satyatma Tirtha, the 42nd Jagadguru in the spiritual succession of pontiffs of this matha.[17][5]
Etymology
According to tradition, "Uttarādi" (Sanskrit: उत्तरादि) refers to "Vishnu who lifts us from the cycle of Saṃsāra" and "Matha" (Sanskrit: मठ) refers to "cloister, institute" or temple for spiritual studies.[18] It is the 494th name of Vishnu in Vishnu Sahasranama.[19]
Historian C. Hayavadana Rao says, "The Uttarādi Mutt ( i.e., the original North Mutt as it was first presided over by men drawn from the North or Uttara Desa ) is the prime pontifical seat of Madhvācharya".[20] Author H. Chittaranjan says, "Saint Padmanabha Tirtha was given Deeksha by Madhvacharya himself to spread the Dvaita school of thought in northern Karnataka region. Since the Swamiji spread the Dvaita philosophy in the northern parts of Karnataka, the Mutt established there gained the name Uttaradi Mutt".[2] Sharma opines that, "The Uttaradi Mutt has a territorial designation as its Pontificate has been occupied by Uttara-Karnatakas or Uttaradi-Karnatakas".[21]
As per traditional accounts, Uttaradi Matha was the main matha that descended from Madhvacharya through Padmanabha Tirtha, Narahari Tirtha, Madhava Tirtha, Akshobya Tirtha, Jayatirtha, Vidyadhiraja Tirtha, and Kavindra Tirtha, hence this matha is also known as "Adi Matha" or "Moola Matha" or "Moola Samsthana" or "Moola Maha Samsthana of Sri Madhvacharya" or "Padmanabha Tirtha Matha". Uttaradi Matha was also once used to be called "Sri Satyabodha Swamy Matha" after its famous peetadipathi and saint Satyabodha Tirtha of Savanur.[22]
History
During the time of Satyaprajna Tirtha there was a continuous conflict between different schools of Vedanta. According to Manimanjari and Madhva Vijaya, Ananda Tirtha was born as an incarnation of Vayu (the Wind God) to give correct interpretation of Vedanta. Some opposing groups destroyed the monasteries of their rivals and indulged in sinful acts. The teacher Satyaprajna Tirtha was also killed, and his disciple and successor Prajna Tirtha was converted to another faith by force.[23][24] However, the disciples of Satya-prajna Tirtha and Prajna Tirtha remained secretly attached to their doctrine and continued to practice it. Achyuta Preksha Tirtha, the teacher of Madhvacharya, was of this line.[25]
According to tradition, it was said that at the time of Achyuta Preksha, who was the pontiff of Adi matha, on the ordain of Veda Vyasa, Vayu incarnated in this world as Madhvacharya on the day of Vijaya Dashami in 1238 AD for the purpose of consolidating Hindu dharma.[26][27] Uttaradi Matha was descended from Madhva through Padmanabha Tirtha, Jayatirtha and his disciples.[28][29][1][30] The Uttaradi Matha does not have any headquarters as such, though sometimes some places have received special attention. It is mainly an itinerant institution moving and camping from place to place, busy carrying the torch of spiritual learning wherever it goes.[31]
Shri Satyatma Tirtha Swamiji worshipping Shri Moola Rama, Shri Moola Sita and other divine deities.Shri Moola Rama and Shri Moola Sita Devi deities at Shri Uttaradi Math
Moola Rama is the supreme deity worshipped at Utttaradi Matha. Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities worshipped in Uttaradi Matha are "Chaturyuga Murthy's" (these deities has been in worship since Four Yugas). These two deities were brought by Sri Narahari Tirtha as per the orders of Sri Madhvacharya from Gajapati kings.[36][17][37] Madhvacharya passed them on to his disciple Padmanabha Tirtha.[38] Along with the Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities, the deity of Digvijaya Rama, which Madhvacharya got sculpted for himself, Vamsha Rama deity obtained by Madhava Tirtha and Prasanna Vittala deity obtained by Akshobya Tirtha are also worshipped in the matha.
Madhvacharya was presented with 8 Vyasamushtis by Vedavyasa during his return from Badrikashrama. Quoting about these Vyasamushtis, GermanIndologistHelmuth von Glasenapp says, five Vyasamushtis out of the eight Vyasamushtis are in Uttaradi Matha.[39]Purandara Dasa glorified 28 main deities worshipped at Uttaradi Matha along with Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities, the 5 Vyasamushtis (4 Vyasamushtis, 1 Kurma Saligrama) in one of his songs — "Madhvarayara Devatarcaneya Prasiddha Raghunatharu Poojisuva Sobagu".[40][41][42][43]Vijaya Dasa composed "Moola Rama Banda Suladi" on Moola Rama at Uttaradi Matha. In this song, he also describes both Moola Sita Rama once in the middle of the song.[44] Prasanna Venkata Dasa wrote "Moola Rama Mahima Suladi" describing Moola Rama at Uttaradi Matha.[45][46] Sanskrit Scholar V. R. Panchamukhi says, "Sri Sri Satyatmatirtha always worships the auspicious Moola Rama, the Lord of Goddess Lakshmi, always accompanied by Goddess Sīta".[47]Satyasandha Tirtha, the 26th peetadhipathi of Uttaradi Math wrote "Ashtavimshati Murti Stuti" in praise of 28 divine deities worshipped at Uttaradi Matha along with Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities.[48][49]
During the times of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha (successor of Jayatirtha) the first bifurcation of the main matha took place. Main Matha continued in the lineage of Kavindra Tirtha (a disciple of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha) as Uttaradi Matha to spread Tattvavada (Dvaita) in the Northern part of Karnataka and beyond. At the same time, Rajendra Tirtha (a disciple of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha) established "Poorvadi Matha", which is now known by the name of Vyasaraja Math to spread Tattvavada (Dvaita) in the Southern parts of Karnataka and beyond until Tamil Nadu.[7][50]
Second bifurcation
The second bifurcation of the main matha took place during the times of Ramachandra Tirtha. Initially, ashrama was given to Vibudendra Tirtha by Ramachandra Tirtha, and even named as his successor. It is not known what happened but Vibudendra Tirtha couldn't return from the pilgrimage tour during Ramachandra Tirtha's last phase of life. So Ramachandra Tirtha chose to initiate another pontiff and named him "Vidyanidhi Tirtha" and declared him as his successor. Vibudendra Tirtha returned from the pilgrimage tour after the death of Ramachandra Tirtha. Hence two mathas were established. Uttaradi Matha continued in the lineage of Vidyanidhi Tirtha and the other matha was formed by Vibudendra Tirtha. It was known as "Dakshinadi Matha" or "Kumbakona Matha (which is now known by the name of Raghavendra Matha). These lineages were formed and continued for the benefit of the Madhva philosophy so that more and more individuals consequently have access to the philosophy and get Upadeśa (spiritual guidance).[51][52][53][11]
Uttaradi Math, along with Vyasaraja Math and Raghavendra Math, is considered to be the three premier apostolic institutions of Dvaita Vedanta and are jointly referred as Mathatraya.[4][5][6] It is the pontiffs and pandits of the Mathatraya that have been the principal architects of post-MadhvaDvaita Vedanta through the centuries.[54][55] Among the mathas outside of Tulu Nadu region, Uttaradi Matha is the largest.[13][12]
Pontifical lineage
Origin
Digvijaya Rama, Moola Rama and Moola Sita Devi deities worshipped in the lineage of Uttaradi Matha.
As per authoritative Hindu scriptures, "The Supreme God also wanted to bless the souls with divine knowledge, by which they can attain salvation. For this purpose, the Supreme God — Śrī Nārāyana Himself incarnated as Śrī Hamsa and adorned the pontifical seat called the Hamsa-Pīṭha."
The Uttaradi Math is age-old. Tradition claims it to have originated from the Hamsa of Bhagwata otherwise called Uttara and to have continued its existence all through the dim pre-historic past right up to the middle of the 13th century when Madhvacharya, the Supreme pre-eminent Exponent of Dvaita philosophy, brought it to the limelight and gave it the present organizational shape.[56]
List of aacharyas
The complete list of (pithadhipati/ācāryas who had taken the seat of this math is as below:[57][58]
This list represents the authorized guru-paramparā (disciplic succession) of Śrī Uttaradi Math till date.
Śrī Haṁsa (A name of The Supreme Person/Supreme Godhead, Śrī Nārāyaṇa or Śrī Hari; Paramātmā)
The Sri Matha has established many Vidyapeethas most prominent among them being Sri Jayateertha Vidyapeetha in Bangalore and Sri Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha in Mumbai (Old Hindu Style Gurukuls) with boarding facilities where in students stay and continue their study in Vedas and Madhwa Shastras. Students are rigorously trained here in various branches of knowledge like Grammar, Linguistics, Logic, Mimamsa, Sankhya, Yoga, Veda, Jyotisha, Advaita, Vishistadvaita and Dvaita systems and Modern Philosophies.[81]
Sri Jayateertha Vidyapeetha
Indian Author and Scholar Radhavallabh Tripathi says, "Sri Jayateertha Vidyapeetha was established by Sri Satyapramoda Tīrtha Swamiji in the year 1989, which presently holds more than 200 students and 15 teaching faculty members".[82] The uniqueness of this institution is that its students are specially trained under the guidance of Shri 1008 Shri Satyatma Teertha Swamiji for 12 years with initial 9 years of training at the Jayateertha Vidyapeetha Residential Campus where they attain mastery over Kāvya, Vyākaraṇa, Sahitya, Vedas, Sankhya, Yoga, Jaina, Bauddha, Shakta, Advaita, Vishistadvaita and Dvaita Philosophies under the guidance of Kulapati (chancellor) Guttala Rangacharya, Principal Vidwan Satyadhyanacharya and several other experienced Adhyapakas. During the last 3 years of the course, the students are given extensive classes in Shriman Nyaya Sudha, Tatparya Chandrika, Tarkatandava etc., on tour directly by the learned Swamiji, thus giving the student an opportunity to expand his knowledge base by way of getting exposed, at an early age, to the scholarly world, with the opportunity to meet several esteemed scholars and conducting debates and discussions with them in esteemed centres of learning across the entire country like Kashi, Prayag, Delhi, Pune, Rajahmundry etc. After successfully completing the 12-year course, the students are awarded the title "Sudha Vidwan" in a grand convocation function called the "Sudha Mangala", held at various prime centres of learning.[83] To make themselves eligible for the title the students have to present a paper orally before distinguished scholars and also take an oral exam in Shriman Nyaya Sudha, the magnum opus of Dvaita Philosophy. The candidate is tested for all-round skills and then declared to be eligible for the title by a jury of scholars headed by Satyatma Tirtha.[81][84]
Sri Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha
Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha was founded in the year 1956 in Matunga, Mumbai by Gopalacharya Ramacharya Mahuli, a disciple of Satyadhyana Tirtha.[85] Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha is an institution of advanced learning. It caters for the needs of scholars interested in higher studies and research. By 1972, It has brought out 26 authoritative volumes on philosophy.[86] Mahuli Vidyasimhacharya is the present Kulapathi of Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha, now located in Mulund, Mumbai.[87]
Satyatma Tirtha Maharaj the present Peetadhipathi of Uttaradi Math founded Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat, a non-profit, religious and social organization in 1998.[88] Thousands of books have been published so far by the Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat. Every year a 5-day All India Madhwa Convention is held in Dharwad under the leadership of Satyatma Tirtha Swamiji, Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat and Vishwa Madhwa Manahandal, featuring discourses and debates on Nyaya, Tarka, Mimamsa, Dasa literature. Pontiffs of all Madhva Mathas grace the occasion. Every year, more than 1 lakh devotees attend the congregation.[89]
^ abcThe Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 83. The Society (Mythic Society). 1992. p. 133. In addition to the eight Mathas at Udupi, Acharya Madhwa had also founded the Uttaradi Matha with Padmanabha and Jayateertha being its Peethadhipatis in succession.
^ abcH. Chittaranjan (1993). Karnataka State Gazetteer: Dharwad District (including Gadag and Haveri Districts). Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer. p. 123. Saint Padmanabha Tirtha was given deeksha by Madhvacharya himself to spread the Dwaita school of thought in northern Karnataka region. Since the Swamiji spread the Dwaita philosophy in the northern parts of Karnataka, the Mutt established there gained the name Uttaradi Mutt.
^Vivek Ranjan Bhattacharya (1982). Famous Indian Sages, Their Immortal Messages, Volume 1. Sagar Publications. p. 340. Madhvacharya was the historical founder and the supreme head of the Uttaradimath - the fountain head of the Dwaita philosophy.
^ abcKonduri Sarojini Devi (1990). Religion in Vijayanagara Empire. Sterling Publishers. p. 133. ISBN9788120711679. This selection of Kavindra as the successor of Vidyadhiraja, leaving Rajendra Tirtha resulted in the bifurcation of the Madhva Mathas, namely Vyasaraya Matha at Sosale headed by Rajendra Tirtha and Uttaradi Matha presided by Kavindra Tirtha.
^Conjeeveram Hayavadana Rao (1927). Mysore Gazetteer: Descriptive. the Government Press. p. 321. The Uttarādi Mutt ( i.e., the original North Mutt because it was first presided over by men drawn from the North or Uttara Desa ) is the prime pontifical seat of Madhvācharya.
^Arch. Series, Issue 69. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Department of Archaeology. 1960. p. 267. The Acārya himself started Matha for the propagation of his system and it became famous as the Uttarādi Matha.
^Karnataka State Gazetteer: Dharwad District (including Gadag and Haveri Districts). Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer. 1993. p. 123. Saint Padmanabha Tirtha was given Deeksha by Madhvacharya himself to spread the Dwaita school of thought in northern Karnataka region. Since the Swamiji spread the Dwaita philosophy in the northern parts of Karnataka, the Mutt established there gained the name Uttaradi Mutt.
^S. K. Ramachandra Rao (1985). Purandara Sahitya Darshana - Book 2 Adhyatma Darshana (ವುರಂದರ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ದರ್ಶನ-ಸಂವುಟ ೨ ಅಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮ ದರ್ಶನ). Government of Karnataka. p. 96. ಮಧ್ವರಾಯರ ದೇವತಾರ್ಚನೆಯ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ರಘುನಾಧರು ಪೂಜಿಸುವ ಸೊಬಗಿನ ಮೂಲ ರಘುಪತಿ ಒಂದು ಮುದ್ದು ಜಾನಕಿ ಒಂದು ಲೀಲೆ ದಿಗ್ವಿಜಯ್ ರಾಮಮೂರ್ತಿ ಒಂದು ಶಾಲಗ್ರಾಮ ಹಯಗ್ರೀವ ಮೊದಲಾದುವು ನಾಲ್ಕು ಚೆಲುವ ಸುದರ್ಶನಗಳೆರಡು ಚಕ್ರಾಂಕಿತಗಳ್ಳೆದು ಅಭಿಷೇಕ ಶಂಖ ಒಂದು ಅಕ್ಷಯ ಪಾತ್ರೆಯು ಒಂದು శుభనిధియ బలమరి రంు ఒందు ಉಭಯ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮಧೇನ ಒಂದು ಉತ್ತಮವಾದ ಮುದ್ರೆ ಒಂದು ಚಕ್ರಾಂಕಿತಗಳೆರಡು ಬಾಣವೆರಡು ವೇದವ್ಯಾಸಮೂರ್ತಿ ನಾಲ್ಕು, ಕ್ಷೀರದಿ ಲೋಲಾಡುವ ಕೂರ್ಮ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಮರಿಸಿ ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೆಂಟು ಮೂರುತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪುರಂದರವಿರಲನ್ನ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಭಕ್ತರೆಂಬ ಈ ರಘುನಾಧತೀರ್ಥರು ಎಷ್ಟು ಪುಣ್ಯವಂತರೊ [ಇದು ಉತ್ತರಾದಿಮಠದ ಪರಂಪರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಧಿತೀರ್ಥರ ತರುವಾಯ ಪೀರಕ್ಕೆ ಬಂದ ರಘುನಾಥತೀರ್ಥರನ್ನು ಕುರಿತ ಪದ. ಇವರು ಶ್ರೀಪಾದರಾಜರ ಸಮಕಾಲಿಕರು : ವ್ಯಾಸರಾಯ ಸ್ವಾಮಿಗಳನ್ನೂ ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಬಲ್ಲವರು. ಶ್ರೀಪಾದ ರಾಜರೂ, ವ್ಯಾಸರಾಯರೂ, ರಘುನಾಥತೀರ್ಥರೂ ಕಲೆತು ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರಾಟನೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ರೆಂದು ತಿಳಿದುಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ರಘುನಾಥತೀರ್ಥರು ಮಳಖೇಡದಲ್ಲಿ ವೃಂದಾವನಸ್ಥ ರಾದರು.] ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತೆಂಟು ಮೂರುತಿಗಳನು-ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯರ ಸಾಕ್ಷಾಚ್ಛಿಷ್ಯರಾದ ಮಾಧವ ತೀರ್ಥರು ಈ ಮೂರ್ತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಪೂಜೆ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದರೆಂಬ ಶ್ಲೋಕವೊಂದಿದೆ. 'ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀನಾರಾಯಣ ಶ್ರೀಹಯಮುಖ ದಧಿಕೃದ್ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀಧರಾಖ್ಯಾನ್' ಎಂದು ಆರಂಭವಾಗುವ ಈ ಶ್ಲೋಕದಲ್ಲಿ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀನಾರಾಯಣ, ದಧಿವಾಮನ, ಐದು ವ್ಯಾಸರ ಮಳಲು ಮುಟ್ಟಿಗೆ, ಮೂಲ ರಾಮ, ಮೂಲ ಸೀತೆ, ಐದು ಸುದರ್ಶನಗಳು, ಎರಡು ಬಾಣಗಳು, ಎರಡು ಬಲಮುರಿ ಶಂಖಗಳು, ಹಯ ಗ್ರೀವ, ಶ್ರೀಧರ, ದಿಗ್ವಿಜಯ ರಾಮ, ರಾಮಟಂಕಿವರಹ, ಐದು ಚಕ್ರಾಂಕಿತ ಗಳು, ಅಕ್ಷಯಪಾತ್ರೆ ಎಂದು ಒಕ್ಕಣೆಯಿದೆ.
^A. T. Patil (1955). ಶ್ರೀ ಪ್ರಸನ್ನ ವೆಂಕಟದಾಸರು ಮತ್ತು ಅವರ ಕೃತಿಗಳು. ಮಿಂಚಿನಬಳ್ಳಿಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಲಯ. pp. 130–131. ಮೂಲ ರಾಮದೇವರ ಮಹಿಮೆಯ ಸುಳಾದಿ (ಧ್ರುವತಾಳ) ರಾಮ ರಘುಕುಲ ಸಾರ್ವಭಾಮ ಪೂರಣ ಕಾಮಾ...
^Vadiraj Raghawendracharya Panchamukhi (2002). Kāvyakusumastabakaḥ. Rāṣṭriyasaṃskr̥tavidyāpīṭham. p. 27. Sri Sri Satyatmatirtha always worships the auspicious Mula Rama, the Lord of Goddess Laxmi, always accompanied by Goddess Sīta.
^Sadhu Subrahmanya Sastry; V. Vijayaraghavacharya. Tirumalai-Tirupati Dēvasthānam Epigraphical Series: pt. 1. Inscriptions of Venkatapatiraya's time. Sri Mahant's Dévasthānam Press. p. 72. Vidyādhirāja Tirtha (the sixth Pontiff) or sixth successor of Uttarādi Matha) and founder of Vyāsarāya Matha), and appointed Rajendra Tirtha, as the first Pontiff of this Vyāsaraya Matha
^The Illustrated Weekly of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1972. p. 21. Apart from the eight maths, three important maths outside Udipi have played a significant part in upholding and spreading the message of Dvaita: the Uttaradi Math (Bangalore) and the Raghavendraswami Math (Nanjangud) and the Vyasaraya Math (Sosale). Particularly mention must be made of the outstanding contribution of the late Satyadhyanatirtha of the Uttaradi Math - a giant intellectual indeed.
^Surajit Sinha; Baidyanath Saraswati (1978). Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration. N.K. Bose Memorial Foundation. p. 133. The Uttaradi mutt is age-old. Tradition claims it to have originated from the Hamsa of Bhagwata otherwise called Uttara and to have continued its existence all through the dim pre-historic past right upto the middle of the 13th century when Madhvacharya, the Supreme pre-eminent Exponent of Dwaita philosophy, brought it to limelight and gave it the present organizational shape.
^Sūrya Siddhānta Pañcāṅgam (astrological almanac) of Śrīmad Uttarādi Maṭha, 2010-2011 AD
^ abT. V. Mahalingam (1975). Administration and Social Life Under Vijayanagar: Social life. University of Madras. p. 200. Madhava Tirtha was a great scholar who presided over the Uttaradi matha established by Madhvācārya . He was succeeded by Akşobhya Tirtha who was a contemporary of Vidyāraṇya.
^Naqvī & Rao 2005, p. 774. "Sri Madhava tirtha, the immediate disciple and successor of Narahari Tirtha occupied the pontificate throne of Sri Uttaradhi Mutt and flourished between A.D 1333 to A.D 1350."
^Steven J. Rosen (2006). Journal of Vaiṣṇava Studies, Volumes 15-16. Journal of Vaishnava Studies. p. 185. Jayatirtha (1335-1385) was the pontiff of Uttaradi Math, a monastic institution founded by Madhva, and was the author of important commentaries on madhva's most prominent works
^Naqvī & Rao 2005, p. 777. "Sri Vidyadhiraja Tirtha, the disciple and a worthy successor of Jaya Tirtha who occupied the throne of Vedanta Samrajya of the Uttaradi Mutt."
^Siba Pada Sen (1980). Sources of the history of India, Volume 3. Institute of Historical Studies. p. 390. Sri Vibudendra Tirtha founded the Kumbhakona Matha on account of his quarrel with his Guru Sri Ramchandra Tirtha of the Uttaradi Matha.
^Keshav Mutalik (1987). Guru Raghavendra Swamy, a Tribute. Somaiya Publications. p. 74. Since Vibhudendra was not quickly available and since the pooja had to continue unbroken, another disciple was initiated to the Sanyas . He was Vidyanidhi Teertha (1298 to 1366). After Vibhudendra returned there were two heads of the same line. So, Vidyanidhi Teertha continued the line popularly known as Uttaradi Math and Vibhudend ra Teertha continued another branch which is known after illustrious Raghavendra Swamy and is called the Rayara Math (Raghavendra is affectionately known as Rayaru).
^Karnataka State Gazetteer: Gulbarga. Karnataka (India) Director of Printing, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1966. p. 75. Among the Brahmins, Madhvas are found in considerable number. They are scattered in all taluks of the district and are followers of Uttaradi Matha.
^Karnataka State Gazetteer: Raichur. Director of Printing, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1970. p. 110. Nearly 75 per cent of the Madhvas in the district are adherents of the Uttaradi Matha, and the rest follow the Nanjangud Rayara Matha.
^Karnataka State Gazetteer: Hassan. Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1971. p. 119. The Madhvas in Hassan district are the followers of Shri Uttaradi Matha which had its are origin at Holenarsipur.
Sharma, B. N. Krishnamurti (2000). A History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature, Vol 1. 3rd Edition. Motilal Banarsidass (2008 Reprint). ISBN978-8120815759.