Tyrannides

Tyrannides
	Guianan cock-of-the-rock (Rupicola rupicola)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Suborder:	Tyranni
Infraorder:	Tyrannides
Families
	see text

Tyrannides (New World suboscines) is a clade of passerine birds that are endemic to the Americas.^[1] The group likely originated in South America during the Eocene, about 45 million years ago.^[2]

Taxonomy

The Tyrannides is divided into two clades (Furnariida and Tyrannida) that contain thirteen families.^[3]^[4] The families listed here are those recognised by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).^[5]

Pipridae: manakins
Cotingidae: cotingas
Tityridae: tityras, becards
Tyrannidae: tyrant-flycatchers (includes Piprites, Platyrinchus, Tachuris and Rhynchocyclus)
Oxyruncidae: sharpbill
Onychorhynchidae: royal flycatchers and myiobiuses
Melanopareiidae: crescent chests
Conopophagidae: gnateaters and gnatpittas
Thamnophilidae: antbirds
Grallariidae: antpittas
Rhinocryptidae: tapaculos
Formicariidae: antthrushes
Furnariidae: ovenbirds and woodcreepers (includes Dendrocolaptidae)

Phylogeny

The cladogram below showing the family level phylogenetic relationships of the Tyrannides is based on a molecular genetic study by Carl Oliveros and collaborators published in 2019.^[4] The families and species numbers are from the list maintained by the International Ornithologists' Union (IOC).^[5]

Tyrannides

Tyrannida

Pipridae – 55 species (manakins)

Cotingidae – 66 species (cotingas)

Tityridae – 37 species (tityras, becards)

Tyrannidae – 447 species (tyrant flycatchers)

	Oxyruncidae – sharpbill

	Onychorhynchidae – 7 species (royal flycatchers, myiobiuses)

Furnariida

Melanopareiidae – 5 species (crescentchests)

	Conopophagidae – 12 species (gnateaters)

	Thamnophilidae – 238 species (antbirds)

Grallariidae – 70 species (antpittas)

Rhinocryptidae – 65 species (tapaculos)

	Formicariidae – 12 species (antthrushes)

	Furnariidae – 321 species (ovenbirds)

References

^ Ohlson, J.I.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Fjeldså, J (2013). "Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes)". Zootaxa. 3613 (1): 1–35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.1.
^ Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Science Advances. 1 (11): e1501005. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
^ Selvatti, A.P. et al. (2015) A Paleogene origin for crown passerines and the diversification of the Oscines in the New World. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 88:1-15.
^ ^a ^b Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (16): 7916–7925. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. PMC 6475423. PMID 30936315.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Family Index". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 January 2025.

[1] Ohlson, J.I.; Irestedt, M.; Ericson, P.G.P.; Fjeldså, J (2013). "Phylogeny and classification of the New World suboscines (Aves, Passeriformes)". Zootaxa. 3613 (1): 1–35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.1.

[ClaramuntCracraft2015-2] Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Science Advances. 1 (11): e1501005. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

[selvatti2015-3] Selvatti, A.P. et al. (2015) A Paleogene origin for crown passerines and the diversification of the Oscines in the New World. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 88:1-15.

[oliveros-4] Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 116 (16): 7916–7925. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. PMC 6475423. PMID 30936315.

[ioc-5] Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Family Index". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 4 January 2025.

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Tyrannides

Taxonomy

Phylogeny

References

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