1Most severe tornado damage; see Enhanced Fujita scale 2Time from first tornado to last tornado
The tornado outbreak sequence of May 5–10, 2015 was a six-day outbreak of tornado activity that affected the Great Plains of the United States in early May 2015. On May 6, strong tornadoes impacted the Oklahoma City area, along with rural parts of Kansas, Texas, Arkansas, South Dakota, and Nebraska. The outbreak coincided with major flooding, with large amounts of rain falling in parts of Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas.[1] The National Weather Service forecast office in Norman, Oklahoma issued a "flash flood emergency" for Oklahoma City following record-breaking rainfall that occurred in the area that evening.[2] The outbreak sequence resulted in five tornado-related deaths, along with two flood-related deaths. A total of 127 tornadoes were confirmed and rated as a result of this outbreak sequence.[3][4] Damage from the outbreak was estimated at $1.5 billion.[5]
In addition, the system responsible for the outbreak produced a prolific winter storm in Colorado, with some areas receiving up to 2 feet (24 in) of snow.
Meteorological synopsis
On May 6, a series of severe thunderstorms produced flash flooding, hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes in Oklahoma and western north Texas. In Oklahoma, this event was brought on by a shortwave moving through the area. With over 30 knots (35 mph; 56 km/h) of effective bulk shear present, moist air was being advected into the area from the southeast, and the CAPE was over 2000 J/kg.[6] Kansas's first tornado of the day was an EF0 that developed in Lincoln County and caused minor damage at a cemetery within the town of Lincoln, Kansas.[7] In Oklahoma, severe weather first appeared in southwestern parts of Oklahoma near Lawton, with the first Severe Thunderstorm Warning of the day being issued at 12:46 p.m. CDT and the first Tornado Warning being issued at 3:45 p.m. CDT.[6] An EF3 tornado developed near Mount Hope, Kansas tracked through Harvey County, crossing Highway 50 west of Halstead and dissipating as it headed north, causing major tree damage and destroying a farmhouse.[7] A long-tracked EF2 passed near Scandia, Kansas and into Nebraska, while another EF3 completely destroyed a house near Munden, Kansas. Other storms later developed in north-central parts of the Oklahoma and south of the Red River, and supercells dropped strong tornadoes in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area along with as much as 4–7 inches (100–180 mm) of rain. One of these tornadoes caused EF3 damage and several critical injuries in the southeastern part of Oklahoma City, and another EF3 struck Bridge Creek. As a result of heavy flooding, multiple Flash Flood Warnings, including a flash flood emergency, were issued for the Oklahoma City metropolitan area, and in the hours following midnight, the storms merged into a complex and maintained eastward movement.[6][8]Oklahoma City recorded their 3rd wettest day on record, and wettest day on record in the month of May.[9]
A few less intense tornadoes occurred on May 7 and May 8 across an area extending from Colorado to Texas. Another wave of significant tornado activity occurred on May 9 throughout an area extending from Nebraska to Texas.[10] This included a large EF3 tornado that caused major damage and killed one person near Cisco, Texas.[11]
Destructive tornado activity continued on May 10, as a high-end EF2 tornado struck the town of Delmont, South Dakota, where severe structural damage and multiple injuries occurred. Later that evening, an EF1 multiple-vortex tornado struck Lake City, Iowa, where homes were damaged, trees and power lines were downed, and the local high school had its roof torn off.[12] Significant tornadoes continued to touch down after sunset later that night, and the town of Van, Texas was devastated by a strong EF3 tornado, where two people were killed and at least 47 others were injured. Two other fatalities occurred in Nashville, Arkansas when an EF2 tornado struck a mobile home park.[13]
Winter storm side
The system also produced a prolific winter storm in the mountainous regions further west. It dropped snowfall up to 2 feet (24 in) in areas around Denver, in pretty much the same spots and time that a winter storm impacted a year prior.[14] It first started spreading snow in the Sierra Mountains from May 6–9. Afterwards, it began to move northeastwards towards the High Plains. The snowstorm dumped up to 2 feet of snow in the mountains of Colorado and up to 12 inches in the lower elevations.
At least four homes sustained damage to their roofs, windows, or siding, including one that had a large section of its roof removed. A garage was destroyed, with inside vehicles moved 30–50 ft (9.1–15.2 m). Other outbuildings, trees, power poles, and trees were damaged or destroyed.
High-end EF1 tornado moved directly through town. Several homes and outbuildings sustained damage, of which two houses sustained considerable damage. One of those two homes was unanchored and slid off of its foundation, while the second lost its entire roof structure. A large metal building with wood post frame construction was destroyed. Widespread tree damage was observed, irrigation pivots were damaged, and a train car was derailed as well.
A large multiple-vortex wedge tornado caused significant damage to numerous homes and other structures in Bridge Creek. Trees and power poles were snapped, mobile homes were completely destroyed, and frame homes were heavily damaged, a few of which lost roofs and exterior walls. One poorly anchored frame home was leveled, and vehicles from some residences were tossed over 100 yards away. A total of 1,500 homes and mobile home were damaged by the tornado, including 200 that were severely damaged or destroyed. Outbuildings were destroyed as well.
Large wedge tornado. Numerous pivots were overturned, power poles were snapped, and widespread tree damage occurred. A few buildings sustained minor damage in the town of Hardy, Nebraska. Several outbuildings and grain bins were damaged or destroyed, and a few homes lost portions of their roofs in rural areas as well.
Three center pivot irrigation systems were damaged. At one farmstead, a single car detached garage was damaged and a carport was ripped from a barn. At a second farmstead, an unanchored home was leveled and swept from its foundation, another home sustained significant damage, and a barn was rendered a complete loss. A small hog barn had its roof ripped off. Numerous large trees were snapped and sustained some debarking.
Large wedge tornado. An ethanol plant and a home sustained EF2 damage near Scandia, Kansas, while a feedlot and several other houses were impacted less severely. The tornado crossed into Nebraska and passed near Chester, damaging trees, power poles, grain bins, irrigation pivots, and partially blowing the roof off of a house.
Large rain-wrapped tornado. Numerous trees, fences, and power poles were damaged. Several homes had their roofs damaged. HVAC equipment was damaged and light poles were downed at a hospital. A hotel sustained damage to its exterior.
A farmhouse was swept away by this brief but high-end EF3 tornado, with mature trees on the property snapped and debarked. Debris from the house was tossed northeast upward of 100–200 yd (91–183 m). The house was bolted to its foundation, but the two vehicles parked at the residence were only slightly moved, and close inspection revealed that explosive failure of the home's attached garage caused the entire structure to disintegrate, preventing a rating higher than EF3.
A strong tornado touched down in the southeastern part of Oklahoma City just north of Valley Brook, severely damaging an RV park, a mobile home park, a hotel, and several self-storage units. Numerous walls on the second floor of the hotel were collapsed, and a few frame homes were damaged as well. Multiple vehicles were flipped and at least 12 people were injured, some critically.
Two mobile homes were destroyed while twelve others were damaged by this large multiple-vortex tornado. Several power poles and power lines were damaged.
Several barns sustained substantial damage, and several homes had their roofs damaged by this large multiple-vortex tornado. A metal storage tank was lifted and thrown into a high tension power line, causing the steel beams to collapse. Open farm and ranch land was damaged.
1 death – A large stovepipe tornado destroyed several homes near Cisco, including one that was leveled. An unanchored hunting lodge was swept completely away, and numerous trees were denuded and partially debarked as well. A large concrete power pole was snapped, and vehicles and farm equipment were tossed more than 1 mi (1.6 km). An elderly woman was killed in the destruction of her mobile home, and one other person was critically injured.
A high-end EF2 tornado struck Delmont directly. South of town, a house had its roof torn off and outbuildings were destroyed. Within Delmont, at least 20 structures were heavily damaged or destroyed, including a large church, the fire department, and several homes. A few small and frail cottage-type homes were leveled or swept away, and trees were snapped and stripped of foliage. Farm fields were scoured north of town before the tornado dissipated. Nine people were injured.
Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted. A home sustained damage to its roof, siding, awning, and gutters. One fast food restaurant had a significant portion of its roof removed while a second had its entire roofing structure ripped off. A small outbuilding was overturned. One mobile home had its underpinning removed while three others were slid off their foundations and two others had shingles removed.
Several groves of trees, outbuildings, and houses were damaged. One home had a majority of its roof removed and thrown into a field approximately 2 mi (3.2 km) downstream.
South of Lake City, trees and power poles were snapped. The multi-vortex tornado then struck the city directly, tearing the roofs off of a manufactured home and the local high school. An apartment building lost a section of its roof, and trees in town were damaged. North of town, a grain bin and a camper were flipped over, and chicken houses were damaged. The tornado snapped power poles and damaged another grain bin near Rockwell City before dissipating.
A tornado moved through heavily forested areas, flattening a large swath of trees. Outbuildings were damaged, a house was moved off of its foundation, and another house lost much of its roof. An oil drilling platform was damaged, and a large plastic storage tank was tossed. Two metal storage buildings were damaged as well.
2 deaths – A significant tornado began south of Van and moved north directly though town. Numerous homes and mobile homes were damaged or destroyed, and many trees and power lines were downed throughout Van. A school building in town sustained major roof damage, and a nearby metal-frame industrial building was destroyed. A few well-built frame homes in the northern part of town were left with only interior walls standing. An oil pump derrick toppled to the ground, along with a large metal high-tension truss tower. Several barns and outbuildings were destroyed as well. At least 47 people were injured.
2 deaths – A strong tornado impacted a mobile home park in the western part of town, completely destroying five mobile homes, killing two occupants, and resulting in eight injuries. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, and power lines were downed as well. Approximately 40 to 60 homes sustained minor to moderate damage, mainly from fallen trees.
On the evening of May 6, an EF0 tornado caused damage at the Tiger Safari Zoological Park[167][168] located near Tuttle in Grady County, Oklahoma. An EF3 and two other EF0 tornadoes also occurred close to the attraction that evening. Due to the reported damage, Grady County was under strict warnings regarding the possibility that the tigers, and other creatures, might have gotten out of their habitats. Bo Wright, a web designer from Oklahoma, heard of the storms and possibly free-roaming predators, and thought instantly of the movie Sharknado and decided to design a false movie poster and T-shirt as a joke.[169] Locals referred to the event as the "Tigernado" on social media, and memes began to circulate the internet. Tigernado is a portmanteau up of "tiger" and "tornado".
Timeline for Grady County
Time (CST)
Event
Refs
1:30 PM
Flash flood warnings and tornado watches are declared to last until 9 AM and 2 AM the next day, respectively.
An EF0 satellite tornado spins off of the initial EF3 tornado that was reported, but it lasts less than a minute before dissipating. No damage occurs as a result of this tornado.
Seeing this popularity, Wright decided to sell the T-shirts for $20 each and donate the money directly to Serve Moore,[169] a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping victims of natural disasters.[177][178]
Park damage
The park director, Bill Meadows, estimated the total damages, including those from the wind, flooding, and debris, to be around $50,000. This total also includes the damage to the enclosure of an American black bear named Smokey.[179] Smokey's habitat sustained considerable damage in the storm, and the bear had to be transferred to the Garold Wayne Zoo during the rebuilding of his enclosure. Though his fences were damaged, his fear of the storms kept him hunkered down like the other creatures. Neither he, nor any of the others, were actually roaming loose.[179][180]
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^"South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
^"South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
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^"Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
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^"Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
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^"Texas Event Report: EF3 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Fort Worth, Texas. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
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^"Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
^"Arkansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
^"Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
^"Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
^"Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado" (Report). National Climatic Data Center. National Weather Service Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.