Timeline of Nice

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nice, France.

Prior to 19th century

262 CE - Nice taken by Goth forces.^[1]
859 - Nice sacked by Saracens.^[2]
880 - Nice sacked by Saracens again.^[2]
1388 - Dedication of Nice to Savoy [fr] effected.^[2]
1538 - Peace treaty [fr] signed in Nice.
1543 - Siege of Nice by Turkish forces.^[1]
1545 - Pont-Vieux, Nice [fr] (bridge) rebuilt.
1561 - Italian replaces Latin as official language of Nice.
1564 - Major earthquake.^[3]
1650/85 - Nice Cathedral constructed.^[2]
1706 - Castle of Nice demolished by Duke of Berwick by command of Louis XIV.^[2]
1720
- Nice becomes part of the Kingdom of Sardinia.
- Medical school established.^{[citation needed]}
1722 - Hôtel de Ville built.^[4]
1724 - Abbaye Saint-Pons de Nice [fr] church built.^[5]
1770 - Quai des Ponchettes built.^[2]
1772 - Gazette de Nice [fr] newspaper begins publication.
1780 - Route Royale Nice-Turin [fr] paved.
1783 - Cimetière du Château (cemetery) established.
1784 - Chapelle du Saint-Sépulcre de Nice [fr] built.
1790 - Public library founded.^[6]
1792 - Conquered by French Revolutionary troops in September, annexed in November.
1793
- Nice becomes part of the Alpes-Maritimes department of France.^[7]
- Population: 24,117.^[7]
1800 - May: Nice occupied briefly by Austrian forces.^(fr)^[8]

19th century

1812 - Lycée Masséna [fr] (school) opens.
1814 - Nice is returned to and thus becomes part of the Kingdom of Sardinia per Congress of Vienna.^[9]
1822 - Promenade des Anglais construction begins.^[2]
1832 - 25 April: Religious Vow of Nice [fr] taken in response to cholera epidemic.
1846 - Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Nice founded.
1852
- Église Notre-Dame-des-Grâces [fr] (church) built.
- English circulating library active.^[10]
1854 - Jardin Albert 1er [fr] (park) opens.
1855 - Maritime trade flourishes.^[11]
1856 - Population: 44,091.^[7]
1860 - Annexation of the County of Nice to France [fr].^[12]
1861 - Francization begins.
1863 - Phare du Littoral newspaper begins publication.^[13]
1864
- Avenue Jean Médecin laid out.
- Nice-Ville station opened.
1867 - Russian Orthodox Cemetery, Nice, established.
1870 - Swiss and Nice Times newspaper begins publication.^[14]
1871 - Niçard Vespers, three days of popular uprising in support of the union of the County of Nice with the Kingdom of Italy.^[15]
1879
- Horsecar tramway begins operating.
- Le Petit Niçois [fr] newspaper begins publication.^[13]
1881 - 23 March: Opéra de Nice burns down.^[8]
1882
- Promenade of Nice [fr] built.
- Pont-Neuf (Nice) [fr] (bridge) demolished.
1883 - L'Éclaireur newspaper begins publication.^[13]
1884 - Casino municipal de Nice [fr] built.
1885 - Opéra de Nice rebuilt.
1886 - Synagogue de Nice [fr] built.^[16]
1887 - Nice Observatory inaugurated.^[17]
1890 - Nice Lawn Tennis Club established.
1891
- 4 October: Garibaldi monument, Nice [fr] unveiled in Place Garibaldi [fr].^[9]^[18]
- Population: 88,273.^[7]
1892
- Gare du Sud built.
- Grasse-Nice Chemins de Fer de Provence (railway) begins operating.
1896 - Monument du Centenaire [fr] erected in the Jardin Albert 1er.^[18]
1900 - Electric tramway begins operating.

20th century

1901-1944

1901 - Population: 105,109.^[7]
1903 - A la mieu bella Nissa popular song written.
1904
- Gymnaste Club de Nice formed.
- Promenade des Anglais extended to the river Var.^[2]
1911 - Population: 142,940.^[19]
1912 - Russian Orthodox Cathedral opens, funded by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
1913 - Hotel Negresco in business.
1916 - Conservatory of Nice founded.
1919
- Canton of Nice-1, 2, 3, and 4 created.^[7]
- Victorine Studios of film established.^[20]
1927 - Stade du Ray (stadium) opens.
1928 - Palais des Arts opens.^[21]
1929 - Palais de la Méditerranée casino opens.^[22]
1931 - Population: 219,549.^[7]
1933 - Église Notre-Dame-Auxiliatrice de Nice [fr] (church) built.^[23]
1942 - 11 November: Italian occupation begins.^{[citation needed]}
1943 - 8 September: Italian occupation ends.^{[citation needed]}
1944
- 26 May: Bombing by Allied forces.^(fr)
- 28 August: Battle of Nice [fr].

1945-1990s

1945 - Nice-matin newspaper begins publication.^[24]
1948 - Nice Jazz Festival begins.
1954
- Centre International de Formation Européenne headquartered in Nice.^{[citation needed]}
- Population: 244,360.^[7]
1955 - Canton of Nice-5 and 6 created.^[7]
1956 - Fountain installed in the Place Masséna.
1963 - Musée Matisse opens.^[21]
1968 - Population: 322,442.^[7]
1970 - Palais Lascaris (musical instrument museum) opened.
1973
- Nice University Hospital [fr] established.
- Canton of Nice-7, 8, 9, 10 [fr], and 11 [fr] created.^[7]
1979 - 16 October: Weather-related 1979 Nice events occur.
1981 - June: 1981 Tour de France cycling race departs from Nice.^(fr)
1982
- Canton of Nice-12 [fr], 13 [fr], and 14 [fr] created.^[7]
- Nice becomes part of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region.
1984 - Palais des Congrès Acropolis built.
1988 - Le Standard de Nice [fr] newspaper begins publication.
1991 - Gare de Nice CP opens.
1995 - Jacques Peyrat becomes mayor.
1999
- Forum d'urbanisme et d'architecture [fr] established.
- Population: 342,738.^[7]

21st century .

2000s

2001 - 26 February: European Treaty of Nice signed in city.
2002 - Urban community of Nice Côte d'Azur created.
2003 - Bombing.
2007 - Nice tramway opens.
2008 - Christian Estrosi becomes mayor.

2010s

2011
- Metropolis Nice Côte d'Azur created.
- Population: 344,064.
2013
- Allianz Riviera stadium opens.
- 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie held in Nice.
2014 - March: Nice municipal election, 2014 [fr] held.
2015
- February: Stabbing.
- October: 2015 Alpes-Maritimes flood [fr] occurs.^[25]
- December: 2015 Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur regional election held.^[26]
2016 - July: Terrorist attack kills 86 and injures 434.

2020s

2020 - October: Terrorist attack kills three, with one victim being beheaded.
2024 - July: Arson attack kills 7 and injures 33

References

^ ^a ^b Overall 1870.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Britannica 1910.
^ Moroni, Andrea, and Massimiliano Stucchi. "Materials for the investigation of the 1564, Maritime Alps earthquake." (1989). online
^ "Hôtel de Ville de Nice". PSS Architecture. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
^ Base Mérimée: Ancienne abbaye de Saint-Pons, actuellement hôpital Pasteur, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ Tedder, Henry Richard; Brown, James Duff (1911). "Libraries" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 545–577. see page 565-France.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Nice, EHESS (in French).
^ ^a ^b Haydn 1910.
^ ^a ^b Charles E. Little (1900), "France", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
^ "History". English American Library Nice. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
^ Colonel Sykes, "Statistics of Nice Maritime." Journal of the Statistical Society of London 18.1 (1855): 34-73. online
^ Gino Raymond (2008). Historical Dictionary of France. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6256-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c A. de Chambure (1914). A travers la presse (in French). Paris: Fert, Albouy & cie.
^ Die Schweizer Presse (in German). Bern: Jent & Co. 1896.
^ Vespri Nizzardi, di Giuseppe Andre'
^ Base Mérimée: Synagogue ou temple israélite, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ Base Mérimée: Observatoire de Nice, puis observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ ^a ^b "Liste des Fontaines et des Statues" (in French). Ville de Nice. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^ "France: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
^ "At a French Studio, Great Ghosts and Big Plans", New York Times, 13 May 2007
^ ^a ^b "(Nice)". Muséofile [fr]: Répertoire des musées français (in French). Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^ Base Mérimée: Palais de la Méditerranée, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ Base Mérimée: Eglise Notre-Dame-Auxiliatrice, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
^ "Nice (France) -- Newspapers". Global Resources Network. Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
^ "French floods: 19 feared dead after storms sweep French Riviera", The Guardian, 4 October 2015
^ "Résultats élections: Nice", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 11 April 2022

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Nice". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2x352b0z.
Mariana Starke (1839), "Nice", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
"Nice". Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy (10th ed.). London: John Murray. 1866.
"Nice". Italy (2nd ed.). Coblenz: Karl Baedeker. 1870.
William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Nice". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
"Nice". The Riviera (9th ed.). London: Adam & Charles Black. 1896.
T. G. Bonney; et al. (1904). "Nice". The Mediterranean, its Storied Cities and Venerable Ruins. New York: J. Pott.
Nice, Beaulieu and Monaco. Guides Joanne. Hachette. 1906.
S. Kahn (1907), "Nice", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 9, New York: [s.l.] : Ktav Publishing House
Practical Guide to Nice. Guides Pol. Lyon: Société des guides Pol. circa 1907
"Nice (France)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 646–647.
Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Nice", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776
Georges Goyau (1911). "Nice". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: New York, The Encyclopedia Press.
"Nice". Southern France (6th ed.). Leipzig: Baedeker. 1914.
Daniel C. Haskell, ed. (1922), "Provencal literature and language, including the local history of southern France", Bulletin of the New York Public Library, vol. 26, hdl:2027/mdp.39015035117657, Local history: Nice
"Talk of Nice", New York Times, 17 March 1984