Timeline of Muscat

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Muscat, Oman.

Prior to 20th century

550 BCE – Achaemenids in power (approximate date).^[1]
100s CE – Migration of Arab tribes from Yemen.^[1]
633 CE – Regional Islamization.^[1]
696 CE – Umayyad army attempting to seize Muscat was defeated.^[2]
865 CE – Flood destroy a portion of the city.^[2]
1507 – City taken by Portuguese forces under command of Afonso de Albuquerque.^[1]
1522 – Uprising against Portuguese rule.^[1]
1546 – City bombarded by Ottoman ships without landing.^[1]
1552 – Capture of Muscat (1552) by Ottoman forces under Piri Reis for a brief period.^[2]
1581 – City pillaged by Ottomans under command of Piri Reis before withdrawing.^[2]
1586-1588 – Fort al-Jalali and Fort al-Mirani completed.^[2]^[3]
1624 – Construction begins of "earthen land wall" around city.^[2]
1640 – City attacked by forces of Nasir bin Murshid.^[2]
1648 – City besieged by Nasir ibn Murshid but Portuguese sued for peace.^[2]
1650 – City taken by forces of Sultan bin Saif; Portuguese ousted.^[2]^[4]
1670 – Dutch East India Company factory established.^[1]
1738 – Muscat occupied by forces of Muhammad Taqi Khan of Fars.^[5]
1740s – Ahmad bin Said al-Busaidi in power.^[6]^[7]
1792 – Albusaidi monarch Hamad ibn Said relocates the capital of Oman from Rustaq to Muscat.^[1]
1800 – British representative of the British East India Company takes residence in Muscat.^[2]
1806 – Said bin Sultan in power.^[8]
1832 – Capital of the Omani empire relocated from Muscat to colonial Zanzibar by Said bin Sultan.^[9]
1845 – Bait al-Falaj Fort built.^[10]
1856 – Thuwaini bin Said becomes sultan of the newly formed Sultanate of Muscat and Oman and his capital is Muscat.
1879 – The United States consulate is established in Muscat.^[2]
1890 – Cyclonic storm flooding kills 700 people.^[2]
1893 – Hospital established.^[1]
1894 – French consulate established.^[2]
1899 – Bubonic plague strikes at Muscat.^[2]

20th century

1928 – Al-Sa'idiyah School established.^[2]
1929 – Vehicular road into city built "by the hacking out of a one-lane track through the mountains."^[3]
1932 – Said bin Taimur becomes sultan.^[1]
1939 – Municipal council established.^[11]
1943 – Bombing of ship in harbor by Japanese forces.^[1]
1948 – Imperial Bank of Iran branch in business.^[2]
1949 – Municipal Law for the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman issued.^[11]
1951 – Indian consulate established.^[2]
1952 – Population: 4,200 in town (approximate estimate).^[12]
1960 – Population: 5,080 in town; 6,208 urban agglomeration (approximate estimate).^[13]
1962 – Muttrah-Muscat road paved.^[2]
1963 – Slavery abolished.^[1]
1967 – Petroleum Development Oman headquartered in Muscat.
1968 – Electric power plant commissioned in Riyam.^[2]
1970 – Qaboos bin Said al Said in power.^[1]
1972
- June: Muttrah and Muscat merge to form the Muscat Municipality.^[11]
- Al Alam Palace built.
1973
- Seeb Airport opens.
- British School – Muscat established.
1974
- Port Sultan Qaboos built in Muttrah.^[3]
- Museum of Omani Heritage opens.
1977 First oil painting exhibition by Gulshen Sleem at Al Falaj Hotel
1975
- Office of municipality president established.^[11]
- Times of Oman newspaper begins publication.^[14]
1981
- Oman Daily Observer newspaper begins publication.^[14]
- Ministry of Social Affairs and Labor^[15] and Ministry of Petroleum^[15] built.
1984 – Muscat Governorate established.^[11]
1985
- Gulf Cooperation Council meets in Muscat.^[2]^[16]
- Al-Bustan Palace Hotel in business.^[2]
- Oman Natural History Museum opens.^[10]
1986 – Sultan Qaboos University opens.^[14]
1987 – Royal Hospital built.^[15]
1988
- Muscat Securities Market established.
- Alwatan newspaper in publication.^[17]
- French embassy built.^[15]
1990 – Oman Children's Museum established.
1992 – Omani French Museum established.
1993
- 40,856 in city.^[14]
- Dam^[2] and Oman International Bank^[15] built.
- Oman Society for Fine Arts established.^[10]
1995 – Oman Oil and Gas Exhibition Centre established.
1996 – National Hospitality Institute headquartered in city.^{[citation needed]}
1998 – Bait al Zubair museum opens.

21st century

2001
- Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque built.
- Muscat Gate Museum opens.
- Population: 685,676 in governorate.^[14]
2006 – Bait Al Baranda (house museum) opened.
2010 – Al-Musannah Sports City opened.^[18]
2011
- Royal Opera House Muscat opened in Shati Al-Qurm.
2012 – Muscat Expressway built.^[3]
2013 – Fish souk rebuilt.^[3]
2018
- Swedish EDM producer Avicii died by suicide in Muscat.^[19]
- Population: 315,443 (estimate).^[20]
2020
- in January 2020, Haitham bin Tariq Al Said became the ruler of Oman after Sultan Qaboos died.
- NOC (No Objection Certificate) abolished amidst COVID-19.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Turner 2008.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Peterson 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Muscat". Oman (3rd ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. 2013. p. 71+. ISBN 978-1-84162-471-6.
^ "Oman Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Bosworth 2007.
^ "Oman". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
^ Willem Floor. "Sea of Oman". Encyclopædia Iranica. New York: Columbia University, Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Malcolm C. Peck (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Gulf Arab States. USA: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6416-0.
^ Watson 1996.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mascate". Oman (in French). Petit Futé. 2007. p. 81+. ISBN 978-2-7469-1641-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "About the Municipality: Brief History". Muscat Municipality. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1268, OL 6112221M
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Oman". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e (Muscat, Oman), ArchNet, retrieved 30 April 2015
^ "GCC Most Prominent Decisions (timeline)" (PDF). Qatar News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ "About Us". Alwatan.com. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
^ Oman 2010. The Report. London: Oxford Business Group. 2010. ISBN 978-1-907065-13-2.
^ Agerholm, Harriet (26 April 2018). "Avicii death: Family reveals he 'could not go on any longer' and 'wanted to find peace'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
^ "Table 8 – Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

Bibliography

Published in 18th-19th centuries

Carsten Niebuhr (1792). "Of the Province of Oman". Travels through Arabia. Translated by Robert Heron. Edinburgh: R. Morison and Son. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004297621. Maskat
William Milburn (1813), "Muscat", Oriental Commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, London: Black, Parry & Co., hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1hh6sn82, OCLC 6856418
Abraham Rees (1819), "Mascat", The Cyclopædia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, hdl:2027/mdp.39015057241120
James Horsburgh (1852). "Arabia, N.E. Coast: Muscat". India Directory: Or, Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, Australia, and the Interjacent Ports of Africa and South America (6th ed.). London: William H. Allen & Co.
Grattan Geary (1878), "Muscat", Through Asiatic Turkey, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, OCLC 4918876
Edward Balfour (1885), "Muscat", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch, hdl:2027/mdp.39015068611014