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Table of metaheuristics

This is a chronological table of metaheuristic algorithms that only contains fundamental computational intelligence algorithms. Hybrid algorithms and multi-objective algorithms are not listed in the table below.

Categories

  • Evolutionary-based
  • Trajectory-based
  • Nature-inspired
    • Swarm-based
    • Bio-inspired
    • Physics/Chemistry-based
    • Human-based
    • Plant-based
  • Art-inspired
  • Ancient-inspired

The table

Name Abbreviation Main category Subcategory Year published Ref.
Simulated Annealing SA Trajectory-based - 1983 [1]
Tabu Search TS Trajectory-based - 1989 [2]
Genetic Algorithm GA Evolutionary-based - 1992 [3]
Evolutionary Algorithm EA Evolutionary-based - 1994
Cultural Algorithm CA 1994 [4]
Particle Swarm Optimization PSO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 1995 [5]
Differential Evolution DE Evolutionary-based - 1997 [6]
Local Search LS 1997
Variable neighborhood search VNS Trajectory-based - 1997 [7]
Guided Local Search GLS Trajectory-based - 1998 [8]
Clonal Selection Algorithm CSA Evolutionary-based - 2000 [9]
Harmony Search HS Evolutionary-based - 2001 [10]
Memetic Algorithm MA Evolutionary-based - 2002
Iterative Local Search ILS Trajectory-based - 2003 [11]
Artificial Bee Colony ABC Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2005 [12]
Ant Colony Optimization ACO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2006 [13]
Glowworm Swarm Optimization GSO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2006 [14]
Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm SFLA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2006 [15]
Invasive Weed Optimization IWO Nature-inspired Plant-based 2006 [16]
Seeker Optimization Algorithm SOA Nature-inspired Human-based 2006 [17]
Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm ICA Nature-inspired Human-based 2007 [18]
Central Force Optimization CFO 2007 [19]
Biogeography Based Optimization BBO Nature-inspired Human-based 2008 [20]
Firefly Algorithm FA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2008 [21]
Intelligent Water Drops IWD Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2008 [22]
Monkey Algorithm MA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2008 [23]
Cuckoo Search CS Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2009 [24]
Group Search Optimizer GSO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2009 [25]
Key Cutting Algorithm KCA 2009 [26]
Hunting Search HS Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2009 [27]
Chemical Reaction Optimization CRO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2009 [28]
Bat Algorithm BA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2010 [29]
Charged System Search CSS Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2010 [30]
Eagle Strategy ES Nature-inspired 2010
Fireworks Algorithm FWA 2010 [31]
Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm COA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2011 [32]
Stochastic Diffusion Search SDS 2011
Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization TLBO Nature-inspired Human-based 2011 [33]
Bacterial Colony Optimization BCO 2012 [34]
Fruit Fly Optimization FFO 2012
Krill Herd Algorithm KHA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2012 [35]
Migrating Birds Optimization MBO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2012 [36]
Water Cycle Algorithm WCA 2012
Backtracking Search Algorithm BSA Evolutionary-based - 2013 [37]
Black Hole Algorithm BH Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2013 [38]
Dolphin Echolocation DE Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2013 [39]
Animal Migration Optimization AMO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2013 [40]
Keshtel Algorithm KA Nature-inspired 2014 [41]
SDA Optimization Algorithm SDA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2014 [42]
Artificial Root Foraging Algorithm ARFA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2014 [43]
Bumble Bees Mating Optimization BBMO 2014
Chicken Swarm Optimization CSO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2014 [44]
Colliding Bodies Optimization CBO 2014 [45]
Coral Reefs Optimization Algorithm CROA 2014
Flower Pollination Algorithm FPA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2014 [46]
Radial Movement Optimization RMO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2014 [47]
Spider Monkey Optimization SMO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2014 [48]
Soccer League Competition SLC Nature-inspired Human-based 2014 [49]
Artificial Algae Algorithm AAA 2015 [50]
Adaptive Dimensional Search ADS 2015
Alienated Ant Algorithm AAA 2015
Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm AFSA Nature-inspired 2015
Bottlenose Dolphin Optimization BDO Nature-inspired 2015 [51]
Cricket Algorithm CA 2015 [52]
Elephant Search Algorithm ESA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [53]
Grey Wolf Optimizer GWO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [54]
Jaguar Algorithm JA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [55]
Locust Swarm Algorithm LSA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2015 [56]
Moth-Flame Optimization MFO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [57]
Stochastic Fractal Search SFF Evolutionary-based - 2015 [58]
Vortex Search Algorithm VSA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2015 [59]
Water Wave Optimization WWA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2015 [60]
Ant Lion Optimizer ALO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2015 [61]
African Buffalo Optimization ABO Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2015 [62]
Lightning Search Algorithm LSA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2015 [63]
Across Neighborhood Search ANS Evolutionary-based - 2016 [64]
Crow Search Algorithm CSA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [65]
Electromagnetic Field Optimization EFO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2016 [66]
Joint Operations Algorithm JOA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2016 [67]
Lion Optimization Algorithm LOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [68]
Sine Cosine Algorithm SCA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2016 [69]
Virus Colony Search VCS Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [70]
Whale Optimization Algorithm WOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [71]
Red Deer Algorithm RDA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2016 [72]
Phototropic Optimization Algorithm POA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2018 [73]
Coyote Optimization Algorithm COA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2018 [74]
Owl Search Algorithm OSA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2018 [75]
Squirrel Search Algorithm SSA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2018 [76]
Social Engineering Optimizer SEO Nature-inspired Human-based 2018 [77]
Emperor Penguin Optimizer EPO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2018 [78]
Socio Evolution and Learning Optimization SELO Nature-inspired Human-based 2018 [79]
Future Search Algorithm FSA Nature-inspired Human-based 2019 [80]
Emperor Penguins Colony EPC Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2019 [81]
Thermal Exchange Optimization TEO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2019 [82]
Harris Hawks Optimization HHO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2019 [83]
Political Optimizer PO Nature-inspired Human-based 2020 [84]
Heap-Based Optimizer HBO Nature-inspired Human-based 2020 [85]
Color Harmony Algorithm CHA Art-inspired Color-based 2020 [86]
Stochastic Paint Optimizer SPO Art-inspired Color-based 2020 [87]
Mayfly Optimization Algorithm MOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2020 [88]
Giza Pyramids Construction GPC Ancient-inspired - 2020 [89]
Fire Hawk Optimizer FHO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2022 [90]
Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm FFO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2023 [91]
Waterwheel Plant Algorithm WWPA Nature-inspired Plant-based 2023 [92]
Energy Valley Optimizer EVO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2023 [93]
Special Forces Algorithm SFA Nature-inspired Swarm-based 2023 [94]
Squid Game Optimizer SGO Nature-inspired Human-based 2023 [95]
Snow Ablation Optimizer SAO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2023 [96]
Spider Wasp Optimization SWO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2023 [97]
Dujiangyan Irrigation System DISO Ancient-inspired - 2023 [98]
Great Wall Construction Algorithm GWCA Ancient-inspired - 2023 [99]
Puma Optimizer PO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2024 [100]
Walrus Optimizer WO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2024 [101]
Divine Religions Algorithm DRA Evolutionary-based - 2025 [102]
Tianji’s Horse Racing Optimization THRO Ancient-inspired - 2025 [103]
Schrödinger Optimizer SRA Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2025 [104]
Stellar Oscillation Optimizer SOO Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2025 [105]
Dhole Optimization Algorithm DOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2025 [106]
Hannibal Barca Optimizer HBO Ancient-inspired - 2025 [107]
Octopus Optimization Algorithm OOA Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2025 [108]
Bitterling Colony Optimization BCO Nature-inspired Bio-inspired 2025 [109]
Star Death SD Nature-inspired Physics/Chemistry-based 2025 [110]

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Index: pl ar de en es fr it arz nl ja pt ceb sv uk vi war zh ru af ast az bg zh-min-nan bn be ca cs cy da et el eo eu fa gl ko hi hr id he ka la lv lt hu mk ms min no nn ce uz kk ro simple sk sl sr sh fi ta tt th tg azb tr ur zh-yue hy my ace als am an hyw ban bjn map-bms ba be-tarask bcl bpy bar bs br cv nv eml hif fo fy ga gd gu hak ha hsb io ig ilo ia ie os is jv kn ht ku ckb ky mrj lb lij li lmo mai mg ml zh-classical mr xmf mzn cdo mn nap new ne frr oc mhr or as pa pnb ps pms nds crh qu sa sah sco sq scn si sd szl su sw tl shn te bug vec vo wa wuu yi yo diq bat-smg zu lad kbd ang smn ab roa-rup frp arc gn av ay bh bi bo bxr cbk-zam co za dag ary se pdc dv dsb myv ext fur gv gag inh ki glk gan guw xal haw rw kbp pam csb kw km kv koi kg gom ks gcr lo lbe ltg lez nia ln jbo lg mt mi tw mwl mdf mnw nqo fj nah na nds-nl nrm nov om pi pag pap pfl pcd krc kaa ksh rm rue sm sat sc trv stq nso sn cu so srn kab roa-tara tet tpi to chr tum tk tyv udm ug vep fiu-vro vls wo xh zea ty ak bm ch ny ee ff got iu ik kl mad cr pih ami pwn pnt dz rmy rn sg st tn ss ti din chy ts kcg ve
Prefix: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

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