The Sultanate of Sambas (Malay: كسلطانن سمبس, romanized: Kesultanan Sambas) was a traditional Malay state on the Western coast of the island of Borneo, in modern-day Indonesia.
At first governed by governors, Sambas became a kingdom in 1609 with the descendant of Sepudak. She married one of her daughters to a prince of Sultan Muhammad Hassan of Brunei, Prince Tengah whom later became the first and the last Sultan of Sarawak for Bruneian Empire. The child of this union, Muhammad Saif ud-din I became the first Muslim Sultan of Sambas.
During the colonial period, Sambas remained largely independent and became a center of pirate activity in the early nineteenth century. In 1812 and 1813, the British launched two military expeditions against Sambas, the first one failing and the second one managing to capture Sambas.[1] The Dutch took control in 1819, leading into frequent minglings into succession, deposing and exiling Abu Bakar Tajuddin II to Java.
The territories of the Sambas Sultanate at the beginning, when it was first established by Raden Sulaiman (Sultan Muhammad Shafiuddin I), included the Sambas River and its tributaries, as well as the Paloh River and its tributaries. During the reign of the 2nd Sultan of Sambas, Sultan Muhammad Tajuddin I (Raden Bima), the boundaries of the Sambas Sultanate expanded to include the Sambas River and the Selakau River and its tributaries. The territory of the Sambas Sultanate then continued to expand until during the reign of the 4th Sultan of Sambas (Sultan Abubakar Kamaluddin), the territory of the Sambas Sultanate encompassed Tanjung Datuk in the north to the Duri River in the south, then the Montraduk and Bengkayang areas in the southeast, and the Seluas and Sungkung areas in the east. The territory of the Sambas Sultanate from the time of the 4th Sultan of Sambas (Sultan Abubakar Kamaluddin) then continued to survive until the end of the Sambas Sultanate's reign for about 279 years (through 15 Sultans and 2 Heads of Government) namely by joining the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) in 1950. In 1956, the former territory of the Sambas Sultanate (namely the territory of the Sambas Sultanate since the 4th Sultan of Sambas until the end of the Sambas Sultanate's reign) was completely made into the Sambas Regency (as stated in the West Kalimantan Regional News regarding the formation of Sambas Regency in 1956). The Sambas Regency area then continued to survive until then in 2000, the Sambas Regency area was expanded into 3 Government Areas namely Sambas Regency, Singkawang City, and Bengkayang Regency until now.[2][3]
Panembahan Ratu (King) of Sambas:
Sultanate of Sambas:
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