RIGA Project
The Rural Income Generating Activities (RIGA) Project is a collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank, and American University (Washington, DC) that seeks to contribute to the understanding of the income generating activities, both agricultural and non-agricultural, of rural households in developing countries. The RIGA project achieves this by two means. First, through the development of an innovative database of income sources from various developing countries, which is available free of charge to researchers via the project’s website. Second, by producing studies and publications that use the database to analyze pressing economic and policy issues.
PurposeThe RIGA Project's purpose is to create an income measure that is comparable within and between countries.[1]  According to the RIGA Project website,[2] the key questions addressed by the RIGA Project include:
In order to answer these questions, the RIGA Project developed a standardized income calculation method that is applied only to country surveys that meet strict criteria of data requirements. The definition of income utilized closely adheres to the one set out by the International Labour Organization. The "Resolution Concerning Household Income and Expenditure Statistics" passed by ILO outlines that household income includes all monetary and in-kind receipts that a household receives, which should include income from wage employment, self-employment, property, own consumption of household goods, and both public and private transfers.[3] Since agriculture remains the principal activity for rural households, the RIGA Project also considers income generated from on-farm activities, both those sold and consumed by the household.[4][5][6] HistoryThe need for standardized income data has arisen from the desire of the development community to understand the economic activities of rural households, especially the rural non-farm activities that have been continually overlooked even as the importance of the rural non-farm economy increases.[7] With this in mind, the RIGA Project was initiated as a collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Bank, and American University (Washington, DC).[8] Only after consultation on the methodology between the partners, did the analysis and compilation of the data begin in 2005. Since 2005, the RIGA Project has created income aggregates for almost 30 countries, which became available to the public, free of charge, with the launch of the website in April 2009. The work of the Project has continued to expand with the addition of RIGA-L. The RIGA-Labor data provides a more in-depth look into the wage employment element of income generating activities, with analysis possible both at the individual and job level.[9] DataThe database contains an increasing number of surveys from countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Some of the countries have surveys for multiple years, with some of the multi-year countries (e.g. Indonesia, Nepal, Nicaragua, and Vietnam) including panel datasets.[10] AfricaGhana - Ghana Living Standards Survey 1992 Ghana - Ghana Living Standards Survey 1998 Kenya - Integrated Household Budget Survey 2004-2005 Madagascar - Enquête Permanente Auprès Des Ménages 1993-1994 Madagascar - Enquête Permanente Auprès Des Ménages 2000-2001 Malawi - Integrated Household Survey II 2004-2005 Nigeria - Living Standards Survey 2003-2004 AsiaBangladesh - Household Income-Expenditure Survey 2000 Indonesia - Family Life Survey- Wave 1 1993 Indonesia - Family Life Survey- Wave 3 2000 Nepal - Living Standards Survey I 1995-1996 Nepal - Living Standards Survey II 2003-2004 Pakistan -Integrated Household Survey 1991 Pakistan -Integrated Household Survey 2001 Vietnam - Living Standards Survey 1992-1993 Vietnam - Living Standards Survey 1997-1998 Vietnam - Living Standards Survey 2002 Eastern Europe and Central AsiaAlbania - Living Standards Measurement Survey 2002 Albania - Living Standards Measurement Survey 2005 Bulgaria - Integrated Household Survey 1995 Bulgaria - Integrated Household Survey 2001 Tajikistan - Living Standards Survey - 2003 Latin AmericaEcuador - Estudio de Condiciones de Vida 1995 Ecuador - Estudio de Condiciones de Vida 1998 Guatemala - Encuesta de Condiciones de Vida 2000 Nicaragua - Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Sobre Medición de Niveles de Vida 1998 Nicaragua - Encuesta Nacional de Hogares Sobre Medición de Niveles de Vida 2001 Panama - Encuesta de Niveles de Vida 1997 Panama - Encuesta de Niveles de Vida 2003
PublicationsA Cross Country Comparison of Rural Income Generating Activities January 2010 World Development. B. Davis, P. Winters, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E.J. Quiñones, A. Zezza, C. Azzarri, K. Stamoulis and S. DiGiuseppe. Assets, Activities and Rural Income Generation: Evidence from a Multicountry Analysis. July 2009 P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E.J. Quiñones, A. Zezza, C. Azzarri, and K. Stamoulis. Rural Income Generating Activities: Whatever Happened to the Institutional Vacuum? Evidence from Ghana, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Vietnam July 2009 A. Zezza, G. Carletto, B. Davis, K. Stamoulis and P. Winters. Wage inequality in international perspective: Effects of location, sector, and gender. March 2009 T. Hertz, P. Winters, A. P. de la O, E. Quiñones, B. Davis, A. Zezza Accounting for the Diversity of Rural Income Sources in Developing Countries: The Experience of the Rural Income Generating Activities Project June 2009 K. Covarrubias, A.P. de la O Campos, and A. Zezza A Profile of the Rural Poor[dead link] April 2009 A. Valdés, W. Foster, G. Anríquez, C. Azzarri, K. Covarrubias, B. Davis, S. DiGiuseppe, T. Essam, T. Hertz, A.P. de la O, E. Quiñones, K. Stamoulis, P. Winters and A. Zezza Assets, Activities and Rural Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from a Multicountry Analysis January 2009 P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K.Covarrubias, K.Stamoulis, E. Quiñones, and A. Zezza A Cross Country Comparison of Rural Income Generating Activities January 2009 B. Davis, P. Winters, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, A. Zezza, K. Stamoulis, and S. Di Giuseppe Patterns of Rural Development: A Cross-Country Comparison Using Microeconomic Data[dead link] August 2008 P. Winters, T. Essam, B. Davis, A. Zezza, G. Carletto, and K. Stamoulis Rural Wage Employment in Developing Countries[dead link] August 2008 P. Winters, A.P. de la O, E. Quiñones, T. Hertz, B. Davis, A Zezza, K. Covarrubias, and K. Stamoulis The Impact of Rising Food Prices on the Poor[dead link] August 2008 A. Zezza, B. Davis, C. Azzarri, K. Covarrubias, L. Tasciotti, and G. Anr¡quez Rural Household Access to Assets and Agrarian Institutions: A Cross Country Comparison[dead link] March 2008 A. Zezza, P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, K. Stamoulis, L. Tasciotti, and S. Di Giuseppe Does Urban Agriculture Enhance Dietary Diversity? Empirical Evidence from a Sample of Developing Countries[dead link] March 2008 (report short version) A. Zezza and L. Tasciotti Rural income generating activities in developing countries:re-assessing the evidence[dead link] 2007 (powerpoint presentation) G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, B. Davis, M. Krausova, K. Stamoulis, P. Winters and A. Zezza Rural Income Generating Activities: Whatever Happened to the Institutional Vacuum? Evidence from Ghana, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Vietnam[dead link] November 2007 A. Zezza, G. Carletto, B. Davis, K. Stamoulis and P. Winters Rural Income Generating Activities Study: Methodological note on the construction of income aggregates[dead link] October 2007. G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, B. Davis, M. Krausova and P. Winters Rural Household Access to Assets and Agrarian Institutions: A Cross Country Comparison[dead link] May 2007 A. Zezza, P. Winters, B. Davis, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, K. Stamoulis, T. Karfakis, L. Tasciotti, S. DiGiuseppe and G. Bonomi Rural Income Generating Activities: A Cross Country Comparison[dead link] May 2007 B. Davis, P. Winters, G. Carletto, K. Covarrubias, E. Quiñones, A. Zezza, K. Stamoulis, G. Bonomi and S. DiGiuseppe References
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