Proserpinus lucidus

Pacific green sphinx
	Live adult attracted to a UV light
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Sphingidae
Genus:	Proserpinus
Species:	P. lucidus
Binomial name
	Proserpinus lucidus; (Boisduval, 1852)
Synonyms
	Arctonotus lucidus Boisduval, 1852; Arctonotus lucidus clarki Barnes & Benjamin, 1923;

Proserpinus lucidus, the Pacific green sphinx or bear sphinx,^[3]^[4] is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1852.

Distribution

It lives on the Pacific coast of the United States in Washington, Idaho, Oregon and California.^[3]

Description

The green forewings are 22–23 mm long,^[3] with pink/purple transverse bands outlined in yellow.^[5]

Male upperside
Male underside

Biology

Adults fly in one generation in winter, from December to April, during which they do not eat.^[6] They are attracted to lights, but normally females will remain stationary and emit a pheromone to attract males.^[6]

The larvae feed on Clarkia breweri and Clarkia modesta^[7] and probably Clarkia purpurea, Camissonia bistorta and Camissonia strigulosa^{[citation needed]}. In later instars they lose the horn that characterizes most sphinx moth caterpillars, and instead have a "bullseye" spot.^[5] The caterpillars can reach 5 cm.^[6]

The caterpillars begin to pupate four to five weeks after hatching. They will pupate under leaf litter or burrow up to 16.5 cm down into the root mass of their host plants, and wait until next winter to eclose (emerge).^[6]

References

^ Boisduval, J.-A. (25 February 1852). "Lepidoptères de la Californie". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 10 (2): 319.
^ "CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience - Sphingidae". Cate-sphingidae.org. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
^ ^a ^b ^c Powell, Jerry A.; Opler, Paul A. (2009). Moths of Western North America (1 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-520-25197-7.
^ "890195.00 – 7872 – Proserpinus lucidus – Bear Sphinx Moth – (Boisduval, 1852)". North American Moth Photographers Group. Mississippi State University. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Tony-2 (January 31, 2018). "Species Proserpinus lucidus - Pacific Green Sphinx Moth - Hodges#7872". BugGuide. Retrieved December 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Rubinoff, D. (2001). "Observations of adult and larval behavior in the winter sphingid, Arctonotus lucidus (Sphingidae)". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 55 (2): 78–79. Retrieved 2 March 2018.
^ Osborne, Kendall H. (22 June 2000). "Additional notes of Proserpinus clarkiae and Arctonotus lucidus (Sphingidae) life histories from the Pacific Coast of North America". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 53 (4): 170–172.

External links

Lotts, Kelly & Naberhaus, Thomas (2017). "Pacific green sphinx Proserpinus lucidus Boisduval, 1852". Butterflies and Moths of North America. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
"Arctonotus lucidus Boisduval, 1852". Sphingidae of the Americas. Archived June 12, 2007.

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[1] Boisduval, J.-A. (25 February 1852). "Lepidoptères de la Californie". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 10 (2): 319.

[2] "CATE Creating a Taxonomic eScience - Sphingidae". Cate-sphingidae.org. Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2011-10-25.

[Powell-3] Powell, Jerry A.; Opler, Paul A. (2009). Moths of Western North America (1 ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-520-25197-7.

[4] "890195.00 – 7872 – Proserpinus lucidus – Bear Sphinx Moth – (Boisduval, 1852)". North American Moth Photographers Group. Mississippi State University. Retrieved December 7, 2018.

[BugGuide-5] Tony-2 (January 31, 2018). "Species Proserpinus lucidus - Pacific Green Sphinx Moth - Hodges#7872". BugGuide. Retrieved December 7, 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[Rubinoff2001-6] Rubinoff, D. (2001). "Observations of adult and larval behavior in the winter sphingid, Arctonotus lucidus (Sphingidae)". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 55 (2): 78–79. Retrieved 2 March 2018.

[Osborne2000-7] Osborne, Kendall H. (22 June 2000). "Additional notes of Proserpinus clarkiae and Arctonotus lucidus (Sphingidae) life histories from the Pacific Coast of North America". Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society. 53 (4): 170–172.

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