List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto
This is a list of the oldest buildings and structures in Toronto , that were constructed before 1920. The history of Toronto dates back to Indigenous settlements in the region approximately 12,000 years ago. However, the oldest standing structures in Toronto were built by European settlers. Remains of a Seneca settlement exist at the federally protected Bead Hill archaeological site, in eastern Toronto.
The first European structure built in Toronto was Magasin Royal , a French trading post established in 1720. In the 1750s, the French built several structures in the area (including Fort Rouillé ), although the French would later destroy them in 1759, following their defeat at the Battle of Fort Niagara . In 1793, the government of Upper Canada arranged for the purchase of Toronto from the Mississaugas in order to settle newly landed British American colonists Loyalists , who were exiled from the United States of America after the Revolutionary War. Many of Toronto's oldest structures date back to this early period of British settlement, when it was known as York . The town of York was formally incorporated as the City of Toronto in 1834, with the passage of the Incorporation of the City of Toronto Act .
This list is composed of buildings that are heritage-designated structures or are notable in some way. Toronto has many residential and business buildings which were established prior to 1920 and that are not on this list. These are typically found in the, then, inner-suburbs built between the late 1800s and before 1920, such as Cabbagetown, North Toronto, Parkdale and Rosedale.
Surviving structures
The oldest intact structure of European settlement may be a piece of St Paul's Cathedral 's courtyard railing dating from 1714, designed by Christopher Wren , that is now part of John Howard 's tomb in High Park . Howard had it shipped from London in 1875.[ 1]
The following list does not include structures where only the facade of the building has been preserved.
1794 to 1819
The surviving structures were often moved from the original site years after; they are mostly residential or military structures.
1820 to 1839
1840 to 1849
1850 to 1859
1860 to 1869
1870 to 1879
1880 to 1889
1890 to 1899
1900 to 1909
1910 to 1919
Reference keys
ACO: Architectural Conservancy of Ontario (Toronto) - TOBuilt - SEARCHABLE TOBuilt DATABASE
B: Benn1993
BCPV: Black Creek Pioneer Village - Black Creek Pioneer Village Historic Building List
C: Cruikshank2003
CE: Canadian Encyclopedia
CNHCD: Cabbagetown North Heritage Conservation District - Cabbagetown North Heritage Conservation District
CoT: City of Toronto - Heritage bylaw citations
EHS: Etobicoke Historical Society
EYCPP: Etobicoke York Community Preservation Panel - Etobicoke York Pre-Confederation Architectural Treasures
GO: Government of Ontario
M: McHughBozikovic2017
NRHCD: North Rosedale Heritage Conservation District - North Rosedale Heritage Conservation District Study
OHT: Ontario Heritage Trust Ontario Heritage Trust
PC: Parks Canada
SLHCD: St Lawrence Heritage Conservation District - Archaeology -St. Lawrence Neighbourhood Heritage Conservation District Plan
SRHCD: South Rosedale Heritage Conservation District - South Rosedale Heritage Conservation District Study
THR: City of Toronto Heritage Register - "City of Toronto's Heritage Property Search" . secure.toronto.ca . City of Toronto.
TN: Toronto Neighbourhoods - Toronto Neighbourhoods
TPL: Toronto Public Library - Digital Archive
WHCD: Weston Heritage Conservation District - Weston Heritage Conservation District Plan - Phase I
OTH: Other - see citation
See also
Notes
^ a b c d e f g h i j Districts in this instance refers to the lower-tier municipalities of Metro Toronto , an upper-tier municipality that was dissolved in 1998. The City of Toronto was formed after the six lower-tier municipalities of Metro Toronto amalgamated into a single entity in 1998 . The City of Toronto government does not formally organize areas of the city by "districts."
^ The physical address of the building is shared with other buildings
^ The building was enlarged in 1826
^ The Brick Barracks consists of two three-roomed structures
^ Most of the building was damaged from a fire in 1965, although the building was restored within the same year.
^ wings added after 1835 for Hedman
^ a b Altered in 1865
^ First floor only
^ Building was renovated in 1856
^ Rebuilt in 1886
^ Altered in 1895
^ Altered in 1910
^ Dedicated in 1847
^ Altered in 1881
^ Actual date of construction is unknown. Local lore suggests the building was erected c. 1795 by Augustus Jones , though studies on the site in 1996 suggests the building was erected in c. 1845 by James Humphreys.
^ a b Incorporated into a complex addressed as 260 King Street East.
^ Remodeled in 1885
^ The building's third floor was added to the building in 1905.
^ Remodelled in 1896
^ additions in 1875
^ Mansard roof added in 1871
^ Modified in 1917 and 1973
^ mansard roof added in 1876; street level store added in 1912
^ A fire destroyed 195 Church Street in 1981, although the building was rebuilt based on the building's original design.
^ Building was incorporated into a condominium in 2015
^ additions 1890, 1900, 1901
^ Altered in 1903
^ Additions made in 1920
^ Altered in 1882, and 1890
^ Building was expanded in 1954 to include a storefront.
^ Original tower was built in 1889, with further additions to the complex in 1899, 1907, and 1921. The tower was rebuilt in 1973-74 following a fire.
^ Altered in 1914
^ Altered in 1904, 1917, and 1920.
^ Additions were made in 1928, 1953 and 1985.
^ Additions made in 1908, and 1919
^ Additions and alterations by Edmund Burke, Horwood & White 1913-14; ground floor and basement remodelled by Norman A. Armstrong, 1934.
^ 1897, 1903 additions
^ 1915 addition by C.D. Lennox
^ 1909, 1911 additions by Bishop, 1950 - major addition by Dyson CEC
^ Original structure destroyed built in 1852, and destroyed by a fire in 1888.
^ 1904 alteration A.F. Wickson, 1930 alteration J.J. Woolnough
^ Additions in 1900, 1908, 1912, 1923 and 1928
^ 1911 addition- David E. Smith; incorporates 1857 east wall
^ a b Originally built as two separate buildings until later expansions saw them joined together.
^ 1901- Burke & Harwood
^ 1910 alteration by J.W. Gray
^ store added in 1925
^ incorporates portion of 1844 City Hall; rebuilt 1850; rebuilt 1904
^ Additions made in 1910
^ Additions to building made in 1912
^ Altered in 2004
^ 6th floor added 1913
^ Additions made in 1928.
^ Original building was destroyed in a fire in 1910. The rebuilt structure was completed in 1911.
^ Additions were made in 1929 (four classrooms) and 1959 (four classrooms, and a gymnasium).
^ Additions in 2006 joined the building with another skyscraper complex.
^ Although the Old Mill incorporates the shell of a 1848 mill, although its Tudor buildings date to 1914.
^ Original west wing only. The museum was expanded in 1933, 1984, and 2007.
^ Additions in 1922, 1928, and 1967.
^ Addition of two wings made in 1930 by Charles Wellington Smith.
^ Additions in 1919, 1922, 1951, 1953, and 1955.
^ Additions in 1930, 1935 and 1951.
^ Altered in 1927.
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}
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External links