Legality of fortune-telling
![]() Practice of magic is illegal Using witchcraft against another person is illegal Accusing someone of being a witch is illegal Pretending to be a witch and accusing someone of being a witch is illegal Practice of fortune-telling is illegal Law repealed Laws regulating fortune-telling vary by jurisdiction. Some countries and sub-national divisions ban fortune-telling as a form of fraud. Laws banning fortune-telling have often been criticized as infringing upon the freedom of religion and speech or as being racially discriminatory against Romani people, due to the traditional importance of fortune-telling within Romani culture. AustraliaIn Australia, most states and territories have repealed laws against fortune-telling that were inherited from English law. Fortune-telling remains a crime in the Northern Territory and South Australia.[1] CanadaFederal law in Canada formerly criminalized fortune-telling under its law, banning "Pretending to practise witchcraft, etc." The law formerly stated that anyone practicing fortune-telling "is guilty of an offence punishable on summary conviction."[2] The law was repealed in 2018.[3] New ZealandSection 16 of New Zealand's Summary Offences Act 1981 provides a one thousand dollar penalty for anyone who sets out to "deceive or pretend" for financial recompense that they possess telepathy or clairvoyance or acts as a medium for money through use of "fraudulent devices." However, it is not a criminal offence if it is solely intended for purposes of entertainment.[4] NigeriaThe Criminal Code Act of Nigeria bans fortune-telling as a form of witchcraft. Any person who "undertakes to tell fortunes" may be found guilty of a misdemeanor and imprisoned up to one year.[5] United StatesCaliforniaIn 1985, the California Supreme Court struck down a law against fortune-telling.[6] MarylandFortune-telling and palm reading are illegal in Baltimore. Those convicted are guilty of a misdemeanor and may be fined $500 or imprisoned for up to a year.[7] Montgomery County, Maryland's ban on fortune-telling was struck down by the Appellate Court of Maryland. The court ruled that fortune-telling was protected free speech under the First Amendment of the US Constitution.[8] The case was brought by a Romani man, with the help of the ACLU.[9] New YorkUnder New York state law, "a person is guilty of Fortune Telling when, for a fee or compensation which he or she directly or indirectly solicits or receives, that person claims or pretends to tell fortunes..."[10] VirginiaIn 2024, the city of Norfolk, Virginia repealed their law banning "the practice of palmistry, palm reading, phrenology or clairvoyance, for monetary or other compensation". The law had been in place for 45 years.[11] See alsoReferences
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