Kinzers Formation

Kinzers Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cambrian Stage 4
Reticulately weathered argillaceous-banded limestone of upper member of Kinzers Formation. USGS photo.
Type	Sedimentary
Sub-units	Emigsville Mb., York Mb., Greenmount Mb.
Underlies	Ledger Formation
Overlies	Vintage Dolomite
Lithology
Primary	Limestone
Other	Shale, marble
Location
Region	Mid-Atlantic United States
Country	United States
Extent	Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia
Type section
Named for	Kinzers, Pennsylvania
Named by	Stose, G.W., and Jonas, A.I.^[1]

The Kinzers Formation is a geologic formation in Pennsylvania. It preserves fossils dating back to the fourth stage of the Cambrian Period.

The base of the Kinzers Formation is primarily a dark-brown shale. The middle is a gray and white spotted limestone and, locally, marble having irregular partings. The top is a sandy limestone which weathers to a fine-grained, friable, porous, sandy mass.^[2]

Type section

Named from exposures at a railroad cut at Kinzers, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.^[1]

Other outcrops

The Kinzers overlies the Vintage Dolomite at the type section of the Vintage at a railroad cut at Vintage, Pennsylvania.

High quality fossil specimens (Lagerstätte) were obtained from the Noah Getz Quarry, one mile north of Rohrerstown, Pennsylvania, but the quarry location is overgrown and disturbed by development. The fossils are from the Emigsville Member, and include the trilobite Olenellus thompsoni, the radiodont Lenisicaris pennsylvanica, the hymenocarine arthropod Tuzoia getzi, the edrioasteroid echinoderm Yorkicystis haefneri, and the hemichordate nest Margaretia dorus.^[3]^[4]^[5] The Kinzers Formation is also notable for preserving one of the most diverse radiodont faunas of the Cambrian period, with at least ten species known, including members of the tamisiocarididae, anomalocarididae, and amplectobeluidae families.^[6]

The sponge Hazelia walcotti has also been found in the Kinzers. It is one of few sponges known from the Cambrian period of North America.^[7]

The section at Vintage in 2019. The Kinzers is the darker, layered rock above the lighter Vintage.
Another view of the type section.

References

^ ^a ^b Stose, G.W., and Jonas, A.I., 1922. The lower Paleozoic section in southeastern Pennsylvania, Washington Academy of Sciences, Journal v. 12, no. 5, p. 358-366 [1]
^ Berg, T. M., Edmunds, W. E., Geyer, A. R., and others, compilers, 1980, Geologic map of Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 4th ser., Map 1, 2nd ed., 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000.
^ Zamora S, Rahman IA, Sumrall CD, Gibson AP, Thompson JR (March 2022). "Cambrian edrioasteroid reveals new mechanism for secondary reduction of the skeleton in echinoderms". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 289 (1970): 20212733. doi:10.1098/rspb.2021.2733. PMC 8889179. PMID 35232240.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
^ Resser, C.E. & B.F. Howell. 1938. Lower Cambrian Olenellus zone of the Appalachians. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 49: 195-248, 13 pls. [2]
^ Noah Getz Quarry at mindat.org
^ Pates, Stephen; Daley, Allison C. (2019). "The Kinzers Formation (Pennsylvania, USA): the most diverse assemblage of Cambrian Stage 4 radiodonts". Geological Magazine. 156 (7): 1233–1246. Bibcode:2019GeoM..156.1233P. doi:10.1017/S0016756818000547. S2CID 134299859.
^ Rigby, J. Keith, 1987. Early Cambrian sponges from Vermont and Pennsylvania, the only ones described from North America. Journal of Paleontology, Volume 61, Issue 3, May 1987, pp. 451-461 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000028638

External links

Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

v t e Burgess Shale-type preservation
Cambrian localities	Burgess Shale Chengjiang Emu Bay Shale Kinzers Formation Pioche Shale Poleta Formation Qingjiang biota Sirius Passet Spence Shale Wheeler Shale Zawiszyn Formation
Ordovician localities	Castle Bank Soom Shale Fezouata Formation Winneshiek Shale Llanfallteg Formation

Chronostratigraphy of Pennsylvania

Cisuralian

Dunkard Group
Greene Formation

Windy Gap Limestone

Windy Gap Coal

Gilmore Limestone

Nineveh Sandstone

Nineveh Coal

Nineveh Limestone

Fish Creek Sandstone

Claysville Limestone

Dunkard Coal

Prosperity Limestone

Tenmile Coal

Donley Limestone

Upper Washington Coal

Rockport Member

Washington Formation

Upper Washington Limestone Member

Jollytown Limestone Member

Jollytown Coal

Middle Washington Limestone Member

Washington Coal

Lower Washington Limestone Member

⁋

Gzhelian	Dunkard Group Waynesburg Formation Upper Waynesburg Member Little Washington Coal Waynesburg“B” coal Middle Waynesburg Member Waynesburg“A” coal Lower Waynesburg Member Monongahela Group Uniontown Formation Waynesburg coal "No. 11 Coal" Gilboy Sandstone Member Little Waynesburg Coal Waynesburg Limestone Member Uniontown Sanstone Member Annabelle Shale Member Uniontown Coal "No. 10 Coal" Uniontown Limestone Member "Great Lime" Fulton Shale Member Pittsburgh Formation Benwood Limestone Upper Sewickley Coal Upper Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Coal "Meigis Creek" "No. 9 Coal" Lower Sewickley Sandstone Member Sewickley Limestone Member Cedarville Sanstone Member Redstone-Pomeroy coal "No 8a. Coal" Westone Sanstone Member Pittsburgh coal seam "No. 8 Coal"
Kasimovian	Conemaugh Group Casselman Formation Upper Pittsburgh Limestone Member Little Pittsburgh coal seam Lower Pittsburgh Limestone Member Connellsville Member Morgantown Member Birmingham Member Glenshaw Formation Ames Limestone Pittsburgh Red Beds Upper Bakerstown coal Upper Saltsburg Sandstone Member Woods Run Limestone Member Lower Saltsburg Sandstone Member Pine Creek Limestone Member Buffalo Sandstone Member Bush Creek Limestone Member Mahoning Formation Bush Creek Coal Upper Mahoning Sandstone Member Mahoning Coal "No. 7a Coal" Lower Mahoning Sandstone Member
Moscovian	Allegheny Group Freeport Formation Upper Freeport Coal "No. 7 Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Butler Sandstone Member Lower Freeport Coal "No. 6a Coal" Upper Freeport Limestone Member Freeport Sandstone Member Kittanning Formation Upper Kittanning Coal Johnstone Limestone Member Middle Kittanning Coal "No. 6 Coal" Lower Kittanning Coal "No. 5 Coal" Kittanning Sandstone Member Clarian Formation Clarian Coal "No. 4a Coal" Vanport Limestone Member Brookville Coal "No. 4 Coal" Brookville Member Pottsville Group Beaver River Formation Homewood Sandstone Member "1st Salt Sand" Mercer Formation Upper Mercer Limestone Member Upper Mercer Coal Lower Mercer Limestone Member Lower Mercer Coal "No. 3 Coal"
Bashkirian	Pottsville Group Connoquenessing Formation Upper Connoquenessing Sandstone Member "2nd Salt Sand" Quakertown Coal "No. 2 Coal" Quakertown Fire Clay Quakertown Shale Lower Connoquenessing Sandstone Member Sharon Formation Sharon Shale Member Sharon Coal "No. 1 Coal" Sharon Sandstone

Serpukhovian	Shenango Formation Mauch Chunk Group Bluestone Formation Princeton Formation Hinton Formation Maxton Sandstone Bluefield Formation "Little Lime"
Viséan	Greenbrier Limestone "Big Lime" Loyalhanna Formation
Tournaisian	Cuyahoga Formation Pocono Group Burgoon Formation "Big Injun Sandstone" Sunbury Shale Berea Sandstone Bedford Shale Rockwell Formation

Upper

Famennian

Venango Group

Gantz, Hundred-foot sand, Fifty-foot sand, Thirty-foot sand, Nineveh-Snee, Gordon Stray, Fourth Sand, Fifth Sand, Bayard Sand, Elizabeth Sand, Sweet Richard,

Chadakoin Formation, First Warren

Bradford Group

Upper Warren, Lower Warren, Speechely Stray, Speechely, Balltown A, Balltown B, Balltown C, Sheffield, First Bradford, Second Bradford, Third Bradford, Kane

Elk Group

1st Elk Sand, 2nd Elk Sand, 3rd Elk Sand, 4th Elk Sand, 5th Elk Sand

Ohio Shale

Cleveland Shale

Chagrin Formation

Huron Shale

Catskill Group

Duncannon Member

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

Frasnian

Catskill Group

Sherman Creek Member

Irish Valley Member

West Falls Group

Angola Formation

Rhinestreet Shale

Sonyea Group

Cashaqua Shale

Middlesex Shale

Genesee Group / Harrell Shale

West River Shale

Penn Yan Formation

Burket Shale / Geneseo Shale

Middle

Givetian	Tully Limestone Hamilton Group Moscow Formation Ludlow Formation Skaneateles Formation Tichnor Formation Mahantango Formation
Eifelian	Hamilton Group Marcellus Formation Onondaga Limestone Seneca Moorehouse Nedrow Edgecliff Huntersville Chert Bobs Ridge Sandstone Member Needmore Shale

Lower

Emsian	Huntersville Chert, Needmore Shale, Bois Blanc Formation Oriskany Formation Helderberg Group (geology)
Pragian	Helderberg Group (geology)
Lochkovian	Helderberg Group (geology) Keyser Formation Manlius Limestone

Pridoli

Salina Group

Bertie Formation

Ludlow

Ludfordian	Salina Group Camillus Formation
Gorstian	Salina Group Syracuse Formation

Wenlock

Homerian	Salina Group Vernon Formation Lockport Group Guelph Formation Eramosa Formation Goat Island Formation Gasport Formation

Llandovery

Clinton Group

Rochester Shale

Rose Hill Formation "Red Clinton"

Medina Group

Tuscarora Formation

Upper	Queenston Formation Reedsville Formation Utica Shale Trenton Limestone Group Black River Group Loyalsburg Formation
Middle	Wells Creek Formation Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group: Bellefonte Formation
Lower	Knox Supergroup Beekmantown Group Axeman Formation Nittany Formation Stonehenge Formation