Generalized Environmental Modeling System for Surfacewaters

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Generalized Environmental Modeling System for Surfacewaters or GEMSS is a public domain software^[1] application published by ERM. It has been used for hydrological studies throughout the world.^[2]

GEMSS has been used for ultimate heat sink analyses at Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant, and Arkansas Nuclear One. In Pennsylvania it has been applied at PPL Corporation's Brunner Island Steam Electric Station on the lower Susquehanna River, Exelon’s Cromby and Limerick Generating Stations on the Schuylkill River, and at several other electric power facilities. River applications for electric power facilities have been made on the Susquehanna (Brunner Island), the Missouri(Labadie Power Station), the Delaware (Mercer and Gilbert Generating Station), the Connecticut (Connecticut Yankee Nuclear Power Plant), and others.

Applications of GEMSS and its individual component modules have been accepted by regulatory agencies in the U.S. and Canada.^{[citation needed]} It is the sole hydrodynamic model listed in the model selection tool database^[which?] for hydrodynamic and chemical fate models that can perform 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D time-variable modeling for most waterbody types, consider all state variables and include the near- and far-fields. GEMSS can also provide GUI’s, grid generation, and GIS linkage tools and has strong documentation.^[3]

GEMSS includes a grid generator and editor, control file generator, 2-D and 3-D post processing viewers, and an animation tool. It uses a database approach to store and access model results. The database approach is also used for field data; as a result, the GEMSS viewers can be used to display model results, field data or both, a capability useful for understanding the behavior of the prototype as well as for calibrating the model. The field data analysis features can be used independently using GEMSS modeling capability.

A GEMSS application requires two types of data: (1) spatial data (primarily the waterbody shoreline and bathymetry, but also locations, elevations, and configurations of man-made structures) and (2) temporal data (time-varying boundary condition data defining tidal elevation, inflow rate and temperature, inflow constituent concentration, outflow rate, and meteorological data.^[2] All deterministic models, including GEMSS, require uninterrupted time-varying boundary condition data. There can be no long gaps in the datasets and all required datasets must be available during the span of the proposed simulation period.

For input to the model, the spatial data is encoded primarily in two input files: the control and bathymetry files. These files are geo-referenced. The temporal data is encoded in many files, each file representing a set of time-varying boundary conditions, for example, meteorological data for surface heat exchange and wind shear, or inflow rates for a tributary stream. Each record in the boundary condition files is stamped with a year-month-day-hour-minute address. The data can be subjected to quality assurance procedures by using GEMSS to plot, then to visually inspect individual data points, trends and outliers. The set of input files and the GEMSS executable constitute the model application.

• Bortone, Stephen A., ed. (December 28, 2004). Estuarine Indicators. CRC Marine Science (1st ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 20, 23–26, 28–30. ISBN 0849328225.
• Fitzpatrick, J.; Imhoff, J.; Burgess, E.; Brashear, R. (2001). Water Quality Models: A Survey and Assessment (PDF) (Report). Water Environment Research Foundation. No. WERF Project 99-WSM-5, D13209WW.^{[dead link]}

Journal Articles and Publications of GEMMS Model

 Publications and Presentations

. Edinger, J.E., D.K. Brady and W.L . Graves. 1968. The variation of water temperatures due to steam electric cooling operations. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 40, No. 9. September.

Edinger, J.E. and J.C. Geyer. 1968. Analyzing steam electric power plant discharges. Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 94, No. SA4.

Edinger, J.E. and E.M. Buchak. 1977 . Surface Heat Exchange and Hydrothermal Analysis in Transport Processes in Lakes and Oceans (Ronald J. Gibbs, ed.). Plenum Press, New York, New York.

Buchak, E.M. and J.E. Edinger. 1980. User Guide to LARM2, A Longitudinal Vertical Time Varying Hydrodynamic Reservoir Model. Contract No. DACW39 78 C 0057, U.S. Army Engineer Division, Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Edinger, J.E. and E.M. Buchak. 1980. Numerical Hydrodynamics of Estuaries in Estuarine and Wetland Processes with Emphasis on Modeling, (P. Hamilton and K.B. Macdonald, eds.). Plenum Press. New York, New York.

Buchak, E.M. and J.E. Edinger. 1981. User Guide and Development Document for LAEM2, A Longitudinal Vertical, Time Varying Hydrodynamic Estuary Model. Contract No . DACW39 81 M 2788, U.S. Army Engineer Division, Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers. Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Buchak, E.M., J.E. Edinger, J.J. Loos and E.S. Perry. 1989. Larval Transport and Entrainment Modeling for the Patuxent Estuary. Presented at the Tenth Biennial International Estuarine Research Conference, Estuarine Research Federation, Baltimore, Maryland

Edinger, J. E. and E. M. Buchak. 1993. “Temperature Modelling for Instream Flow Studies” in Hydrological Science and Technology, the Journal of the American Institute of Hydrology. Vol. 8, No. 1-4, pp. 24–33. June.

Edinger J. E., and E. M. Buchak, 1995. Numerical Intermediate and Far Field Dilution Modelling. Journal of Water, Air and Soil Pollution 83: 147-160, 1995. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

Edinger, J. E., E. M. Buchak and V. Kolluru, 1998. Flushing and Mixing in a Deep Estuary. Journal Water, Air and Soil Pollution. 102: 345 -353, 1998. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The

Kolluru, V.S., E.M.Buchak, and J.E.Edinger. 1998. Integrated Model to Simulate the Transport and Fate of Mine Tailings in Deep Waters. In Proceedings of Tailings and Mine Waste’ 98 . 1998. Balkema, Rotterdam, ISBN 905410922X.

Edinger, J.E. 2002. Waterbody Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling. Three dimensional hydrodynamic and transport modeling. A workbook with 3- D model CD ROM. 215 pgs. ASCE Press, Reston, VA.

Edinger, J.E. 2007. Advances In Environmental Studies. Kindle Publication. Including references to modeling sudies performed with ASCE CD Model in Edinger, J.E. 2002.

• Kolluru, Venkat S.; Fichera, Mike (September 28, 2004) [2003]. "Development and Application of Combined 1-D and 3-D Modeling System for TMDL Studies". In Spaulding, Malcolm L. (ed.). Estuarine and Coastal Modelling: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference. American Society of Civil Engineers. pp. 108–127. doi:10.1061/40734(145)8. ISBN 0784407347.
• Edinger, John Eric; Boatman, Charles D.; Kolluru, Venkat S. (2003). "Influence of Multi Algae Groups in the Calibration of a Water Quality Model". In Spaulding, Malcolm L. (ed.). Estuarine and Coastal Modelling: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference. American Society of Civil Engineers (published September 28, 2004). pp. 388–406. ISBN 0784407347.
• Lauzon, Prakash, Salzsauler and Vandenberg. "Use of water quality models for design and evaluation of pit lakes." Mine Pit Lakes: Closure and Management. Australian Center for Geomechanics. Pages 63 to 81.
• U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Environmental Laboratory, Hydraulics Laboratory. "CE-QUAL-W2: A Numerical Two-Dimensional, Laterally Averaged Model of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality" (August 1986) User's Manual. Instruction Report E-86-5. Final Report.
• Durand, Kruk, Kempa, Tjomsland. "Vistula Water Quality Modeling" (2011) Pages 165 to 180.
• Cvetkovic and Dargahi. 2014. "Hydrodynamic and Transport Characterization of the Baltic Sea 2000-2009" (July 2014). TRITA-LWR Report 2014:03. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. ISBN 9789175952154.
• Kim and Park. "Multidimensional Hydrodynamic and Water Temperature Modeling of Han River System" (2012) Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment. Volume 28. Number 6. Pages 866 to 881.
• Na and Park. "A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling Study of Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Phytoplankton Growth in a Stratified Lake with Buoyant Incoming Flow" (2006) Ecological Modelling 199. Pages 298 to 314.
• Na and Park. "A Hydrodynamic Modeling Study to Determine the Optimum Water Intake Location in Lake Paldang, Korea" (2005) Journal of the American Water Resources Association. Volume 41. Issue 6. Pages 1315 to 1332.
• HydroGeoLogic and Aqua Terra. "Selection of Water Quality Components for Eutrophication-Related Total Maximum Daily Load Assessments - Task 4: Documentation of Review and Evaluation of Eutrophication Models and Components". (June 1999) EPA Contract Number 68 C6 0020. Work Assignment Number 2 04.