/ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to null initial, /l/ or /ʒ/.
coda /-ŋ/
/t/, /tʰ/ change to /n/;
/p/, /pʰ/ change to /m/;
/k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to /ŋ/;
/ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to /ŋ/, /n/ or /ʒ/.
coda /-k̚/
/t/, /tʰ/ change to /l/;
/k/, /kʰ/ and /h/ change to null initial;
/ts/, /tsʰ/ and /s/ change to null initial, /l/ or /ʒ/.
Anticipatory assimilation
Tone sandhi
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable). Shaded cells indicate that tones of both the first and second syllables undergo change.
dark level 332
light level 22
rising 42
dark departing 35
light departing 23
dark entering 5
light entering 2
dark level 332
55
55
44
44
light level 22
332
35+42
55
44
44
rising 42
23+332
35+42
55
44
44
dark departing 35
55
55
44
44
light departing 23
55
55
44
44
dark entering 5
55
55
44
44
light entering 2
35+5
55
44
44
Notes
^Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[1][2][3]
References
^Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 30: 86–110, doi:10.2307/2718766, JSTOR2718766
