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Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems

Forest-Range Environmental Study Ecosystems, known as FRES, is a system for the classification of ecosystems developed by the United States Forest Service as a management tool for the entire lower 48.[1] Thirty four ecosystems were defined for grasslands, forests, and woodlands.[1]

Forest and woodland classification

Grassland classification

Alpine classification

Notes

  1. ^ a b Garrison, George A.; Bjugstad, A. J.; Duncan, D. A.; Lewis, M. E.; and Smith, D. R. (1977) Vegetation and environmental features of forest and range ecosystems (Forest Service Handbook Number 465) United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., OCLC 3359594
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