Seyfert type 2 galaxy in the constellation of Monoceros
3C 180Constellation Monoceros Right ascension 07h 27m 04.49s [ 1] Declination −02° 04′ 42.30″[ 1] Redshift 0.220000[ 1] Heliocentric radial velocity 65,954 km/s [ 1] Distance 2.736 Gly Type Radio galaxy HEG[ 1] Size ~309,000 ly (94.7 kpc ) (estimated)[ 1] PKS 0724−01, 4C −02.31, DA 234, OI −041, 2MASX J07270487−0204301, NRAO 0265, TXS 0724−019, MSH 07−006, Cul 0724−019, PAPER J111.71−02.09[ 1]
3C 180 is a Seyfert type 2 galaxy located in the constellation of Monoceros . The redshift of the galaxy is estimated to be (z) 0.220[ 1] Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources in 1962.[ 2]
Description
3C 180 is classified as a high-excitation radio galaxy with a Fanaroff-Riley Type II classification.[ 3] [ 4] elliptical galaxy residing inside a galaxy cluster . It is described to have a boxy appearance based on Hubble Space Telescope observations.[ 5] [ 6] radio emission , based on long-slit spectroscopy observations.[ 7] [ 5] dust lanes .[ 8]
The galaxy is known to have an extended emission-line region (EELR). The region is described as having a length of 45 kiloparsecs on both sides with an orientation along the direction of the radio axis. There is a rotating structure present in the EELR which displays a full amplitude of 700 kilometers per seconds, however it is also showing signs of velocity fluctuations. A series of arc-like features surround the galaxy's nucleus.[ 9] narrow-line region , described as lobsided, was also discovered in the galaxy, with the emission forming into a bi-conical series of shells, that extends both northeast and southeast from the core.[ 3]
In 2021 it was confirmed the galaxy displays evidence of nuclear outflows. The outflows show a compact gas morphology in the inner regions, reaching up to 8.5 kiloparsecs from the nucleus position. The gas also reaches the southeast section of the galaxy, with its velocity measurement reaching the maximum value of 2450 kilometers per seconds. A blue component is seen dominating the northwest area.[ 10]
References
^ a b c d e f g h "NED Search results for 3C 180" . NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database . Retrieved 2025-09-27 .^ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources" . Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society . 68 : 163. ^ a b Tremblay, Grant R.; Chiaberge, Marco; Sparks, William B.; Baum, Stefi A.; Allen, Mark G.; Axon, David J.; Capetti, Alessandro; Floyd, David J. E.; Macchetto, F. Duccio; Miley, George K.; Noel-Storr, Jacob; O'Dea, Christopher P.; Perlman, Eric S.; Quillen, Alice C. (2009-07-23). "HST/ACS EMISSION LINE IMAGING OF LOW-REDSHIFT 3CR RADIO GALAXIES. I. THE DATA" . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 183 (2): 278– 294. doi :10.1088/0067-0049/183/2/278 . ISSN 0067-0049 . ^ Massaro, F.; Tremblay, G. R.; Harris, D. E.; Kharb, P.; Axon, D.; Balmaverde, B.; Baum, S. A.; Capetti, A.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Giovannini, G.; Grandi, P.; Macchetto, F. D.; O'Dea, C. P.; Risaliti, G. (2012-11-28). "CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF 3C RADIO SOURCES WITH z< 0.3. II. COMPLETING THE SNAPSHOT SURVEY" . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 203 (2): 31. doi :10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/31 . ISSN 0067-0049 . ^ a b McCarthy, Patrick J.; Spinrad, Hyron; van Breugel, Wil (July 1995). "Emission-Line Imaging of 3CR Radio Galaxies. I. Imaging Data" . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 99 : 27. doi :10.1086/192178 . ISSN 0067-0049 . ^ Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro; O'Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice (June 2006). "Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift" . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 164 (2): 307– 333. doi :10.1086/504480 . ISSN 0067-0049 . ^ de Koff, Sigrid; Best, Philip; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William; Röttgering, Huub; Miley, George; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; Martel, Andre (July 2000). "The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies" . The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series . 129 (1): 33– 59. doi :10.1086/313402 . ISSN 0067-0049 . ^ Tremblay, G. R.; Chiaberge, M.; Donzelli, C. J.; Quillen, A. C.; Capetti, A.; Sparks, W. B.; Macchetto, F. D. (September 2007). "Isophotal Structure and Dust Distribution in Radio-loud Elliptical Galaxies" . The Astrophysical Journal . 666 (1): 109– 121. doi :10.1086/520333 . ISSN 0004-637X . ^ Balmaverde, B.; Capetti, A.; Marconi, A.; Venturi, G.; Chiaberge, M.; Baldi, R. D.; Baum, S.; Gilli, R.; Grandi, P.; Meyer, E. T.; Miley, G.; O’Dea, C.; Sparks, W.; Torresi, E.; Tremblay, G. (2021-01-01). "The MURALES survey - III. Completing the MUSE observations of 37 3C low-z radio galaxies" . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 645 : A12. doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202039062 . ISSN 0004-6361 . ^ Speranza, G.; Balmaverde, B.; Capetti, A.; Massaro, F.; Tremblay, G.; Marconi, A.; Venturi, G.; Chiaberge, M.; Baldi, R. D.; Baum, S.; Grandi, P.; Meyer, E. T.; O’Dea, C.; Sparks, W.; Terrazas, B. A. (2021-09-01). "The MURALES survey - IV. Searching for nuclear outflows in 3C radio galaxies at z < 0.3 with MUSE observations" . Astronomy & Astrophysics . 653 : A150. doi :10.1051/0004-6361/202140686 . ISSN 0004-6361 .
