Muhammad al Ashmar

Muhammad al-Ashmar
Muhammad al-Ashmar
	Al-Ashmar di al-Midan, 1925
Lahir	1892; Wilayah Al-Midan, Damaskus, Vilayet Suriah, Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah
Meninggal	1960 (umur 67–68); Damaskus, Suriah
Kebangsaan	Suriah
Dikenal atas	Panglima militia dalam Pertempuran Maysalun 1920 ; Tokoh utama dalam Pemberontakan Besar Suriah 1925–1927 ; Panglima sukarelawan Suriah dalam Pemberontakan Arab di Palestina 1936–1939
	International Stalin Prize for Peace (en) ;

Muhammad al-Ashmar (bahasa Arab: محمد الأشمر) (1892–1960) adalah seorang panglima pemberontak Suriah pada Pemberontakan Besar Suriah dan Pemberontakan Arab di Palestina 1936-1939. Ia merupakan figur komunis berpengaruh di Suriah setelah kemerdekaan.^[1]

Referensi

^ Pierret, 2013, p. 176

Daftar pustaka

Atiyeh, George Nicholas (1988). Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses. New York City: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-9541-4.
Barr, James (2012). A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914–1948. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393070651.
Gelvin, James L. (1998). Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. California University Press. ISBN 9780520919839.
Ginat, Rami (2010). Syria and the Doctrine of Arab Neutralism: From Independence to Dependence. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 9781845193966.^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
Frisch, Hillel (2012). The Palestinian Military: Between Militias and Armies. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393070651.
Kedourie, Elie (2015). Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel. Routledge. ISBN 9781317442738.
Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men & Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000. Cune Press. ISBN 1-885942-41-9.
Parsons, Laila (2015). "Rebels Without Borders: Southern Syria and Palestine, 1919-1936". Dalam Cyrus Schayegh (ed.). The Routledge Handbook of the History of the Middle East Mandates. Routledge. ISBN 9781317497066.
Pierret, Thomas (2013). Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107026414.
Provence, Michael (2005). The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292706804.
Thomas, Martin (2008). Empires of Intelligence: Security Services and Colonial Disorder After 1914. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520933743.
Thompson, Elizabeth (2013). Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231505154.

[Pierret176-1] Pierret, 2013, p. 176

[1]