Cyprinodon

Cyprinodon Rentang waktu: Late Miocene–present PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Cyprinodon radiosus
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Actinopterygii
Ordo:	Cyprinodontiformes
Subfamili:	Cyprinodontinae
Genus:	Cyprinodon Lacépède, 1803
Spesies tipe
Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépède, 1803
Sinonim
Encrates Gistel, 1848 Lebia Oken, 1817 Prinodon Rafinesque, 1815 Trifarcius Poey, 1860

Cyprinodon adalah sebuah genus ikan kirik yang ditemukan di perairan, berkisar dari air tawar hingga hipersalin. Genus ini sebagian besar ditemukan di Meksiko, Kepulauan Karibia dan Amerika Serikat bagian selatan (Arizona, California, Florida, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma dan Texas), tetapi C. variegatus hadir lebih utara, di Massachusetts dan di sepanjang pesisir Teluk Meksiko, sementara C. dearboni dan C. variegatus ditemukan di Amerika Selatan bagian utara.^[1][2] Banyak spesies memiliki sebaran yang kecil dan sangat terancam, beberapa di antaranya sudah punah.^[2][3][4] Genus ini berupa ikan kecil; yang terbesar mencapai panjang 10 cm (3,9 in) dan kebanyakan spesies lainnya hanya tumbuh mencapai sekitar 5 cm.^[1]

Terdapat 39 spesies yang telah diakui dalam genus ini (beserta nama umum bahasa Inggrisnya):^[5][6]

• Cyprinodon albivelis W. L. Minckley & R. R. Miller, 2002 (Whitefin pupfish)
• Cyprinodon alvarezi R. R. Miller, 1976 (Potosi pupfish)
• †Cyprinodon arcuatus W. L. Minckley & R. R. Miller, 2002 (Santa Cruz pupfish)
• Cyprinodon artifrons C. L. Hubbs, 1936 (Yucatán pupfish)
• Cyprinodon atrorus R. R. Miller, 1968 (Bolson pupfish)
• Cyprinodon beltrani Álvarez, 1949 (Blackfin pupfish)
• Cyprinodon bifasciatus R. R. Miller, 1968 (Cuatro Cienegas pupfish)
• Cyprinodon bobmilleri Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1999 (San Ignacio pupfish)
• Cyprinodon bondi G. S. Myers, 1935 (Hispaniola pupfish)
• Cyprinodon bovinus S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Leon Springs pupfish)
• †Cyprinodon breviradius R. R. Miller, 1945 (fossil; Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of California)^[7][8]
• Cyprinodon brontotheroides C. H. Martin & Wainwright, 2013 (Durophage pupfish)^[6]
• †Cyprinodon ceciliae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (Villa Lopez pupfish)
• Cyprinodon dearborni Meek, 1909
• Cyprinodon desquamator C. H. Martin & Wainwright, 2013 (Scale-eating pupfish)^[6]
• Cyprinodon diabolis Wales, 1930 (Devil's Hole pupfish)
• Cyprinodon elegans S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Comanche Springs pupfish)
• Cyprinodon eremus R. R. Miller & Fuiman, 1987 (Sonoyta pupfish)
• Cyprinodon esconditus Strecker, 2002 (Hidden pupfish)
• Cyprinodon eximius Girard, 1859 (Conchos pupfish)
• Cyprinodon fontinalis M. L. Smith & R. R. Miller, 1980 (Carbonera pupfish)
• Cyprinodon higuey C. M. Rodriguez & M. L. Smith, 1990 (Black-and-blue Pupfish)^[9]
• Cyprinodon hubbsi Carr, 1936 (Lake Eustis minnow)
• †Cyprinodon inmemoriam Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (Charco Azul pupfish)
• Cyprinodon julimes De la Maza-Benignos & Vela-Valladares, 2009 (Julimes pupfish)
• Cyprinodon labiosus Humphries & R. R. Miller, 1981 (Thicklip pupfish)
• Cyprinodon laciniatus C. L. Hubbs & R. R. Miller, 1942 (Bahama pupfish)
• Cyprinodon latifasciatus Garman, 1881 (Parras pupfish) ^[10]
• Cyprinodon longidorsalis Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (La Palma pupfish)
• Cyprinodon macrolepis R. R. Miller, 1976 (Largescale pupfish)
• Cyprinodon macularius S. F. Baird & Girard, 1853 (Desert pupfish)
• Cyprinodon maya Humphries & R. R. Miller, 1981 (Maya pupfish)
• Cyprinodon meeki R. R. Miller, 1976 (Mezquital pupfish)
• Cyprinodon nazas R. R. Miller, 1976 (Nazas pupfish)
• Cyprinodon nevadensis C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889
  • Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae R. R. Miller, 1948 (Amargosa River pupfish)
  • †Cyprinodon nevadensis calidae R. R. Miller, 1948 (Tecopa pupfish)
  • Cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes R. R. Miller, 1948 (Ash Meadows pupfish)
  • Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis C. H. Eigenmann & R. S. Eigenmann, 1889 (Amargosa pupfish)
  • Cyprinodon nevadensis pectoralis R. R. Miller, 1948 (Warm Springs pupfish)
  • Cyprinodon nevadensis shoshone R. R. Miller, 1948 (Shoshone pupfish)
• Cyprinodon nichollsi M. L. Smith, 1989 (Jaragua pupfish)
• Cyprinodon pachycephalus W. L. Minckley & C. O. Minckley, 1986 (Bighead pupfish)
• Cyprinodon pecosensis A. A. Echelle & A. F. Echelle, 1978 (Pecos pupfish)
• Cyprinodon pisteri R. R. Miller & W. L. Minckley, 2002 (Palomas pupfish)
• Cyprinodon radiosus R. R. Miller, 1948 (Owens pupfish)
• Cyprinodon riverendi (Poey, 1860) (synonym: Cyprinodon jamaicensis, Fowler, 1939)
• Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis Fowler, 1916 (Red River pupfish)
• Cyprinodon salinus R. R. Miller, 1943
  • Cyprinodon salinus milleri LaBounty & Deacon, 1972 (Cottonball marsh pupfish)
  • Cyprinodon salinus salinus R. R. Miller, 1943 (Death Valley pupfish, Salt Creek pupfish)
• Cyprinodon salvadori Lozano-Vilano, 2002 (Bocochi pupfish)
• Cyprinodon simus Humphries & R. R. Miller, 1981 (Boxer pupfish)
• Cyprinodon suavium Strecker, 2005
• Cyprinodon tularosa R. R. Miller & A. A. Echelle, 1975 (White Sands pupfish)
• Cyprinodon variegatus (Lacépède, 1803)
  • Cyprinodon variegatus baconi Breder, 1932
  • Cyprinodon variegatus ovinus (Mitchill, 1815)
  • Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Lacépède, 1803) (Sheepshead minnow)
• Cyprinodon verecundus Humphries, 1984 (Largefin pupfish)
• Cyprinodon veronicae Lozano-Vilano & Contreras-Balderas, 1993 (Charco Palma pupfish)

1. ^ ^{a b} Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Cyprinodon di FishBase. Versi October 2018.
2. ^ ^{a b} Martin, C. H., and P. C. Wainwright (2013). Multiple Fitness Peaks on the Adaptive Landscape Drive Adaptive Radiation in the Wild. Science 339(6116): 208-211.
3. ^ Contreras-Balderas, S.; L. Lozano-Vilano (1996). "Extinction of most Sandia and Potosí valleys (Nuevo León, Mexico) endemic pupfishes, crayfishes and snails". Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters. 7 (1): 33–40.
4. ^ Martin, Christopher H.; Crawford, Jacob E.; Turner, Bruce J.; Simons, Lee H. (2016-01-27). "Diabolical survival in Death Valley: recent pupfish colonization, gene flow and genetic assimilation in the smallest species range on earth". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 283 (1823): 20152334. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2334. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 4795021. PMID 26817777.
5. ^ Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Cyprinodon di FishBase. Versi October 2018.
6. ^ ^{a b c} Martin, C. H., and P. C. Wainwright (2013). Multiple Fitness Peaks on the Adaptive Landscape Drive Adaptive Radiation in the Wild. Science 339(6116): 208-211.
7. ^ Echelle, Anthony A.; Carson, Evan W.; Echelle, Alice F.; Van Den Bussche, R. A.; Dowling, Thomas E.; Meyer, Axel (2005). Wood, R. M. (ed.). "Historical Biogeography of the New-World Pupfish Genus Cyprinodon (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae)". Copeia (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2005 (2): 320–339. doi:10.1643/CG-03-093R3. ISSN 0045-8511.
8. ^ Miller, Robert R. (1945). "Four new species of fossil cyprinodont fishes from eastern California". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 35 (10): 315–321. ISSN 0043-0439. JSTOR 24531079.
9. ^ Lyons, T.J. (2021). "Cyprinodon higuey". 2021: e.T82958669A82962221. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T82958669A82962221.en. ;
10. ^ Valdes Gonzales, A. (2019). "Cyprinodon latifasciatus". 2019: e.T6155A3105057. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T6155A3105057.en. ;